Oncology Drugs

RABIPUR is a vaccine used to helpprevent rabies infection in peoplewho either• have been, or• are at risk of being bitten, lickedor scratched by an animalinfected with rabies virus.Rabies is a very serious infection.The rabies virus attacks the nervesand the brain. Rabies infection can befatal if not treated as early aspossible.How it worksRABIPUR works by causing yourbody to protect itself against rabies.The body makes substances that fightthe rabies virus. They are calledantibodies and circulate in the blood.If the rabies virus gets into someonewho has been vaccinated againstrabies, the antibodies kill the virusbefore it can cause damage.After vaccination your body takesseveral weeks to develop enoughantibodies to successfully fightrabies.For vaccination against rabies youneed a course of 3 to 5 injections.After this course, most peopleproduce enough antibodies againstrabies. However, as with all vaccines,100% protection cannot beguaranteedFurther booster injections of rabiesvaccine may be needed every fewyears to ensure enough antibodies arepresent.The vaccine will not give you or yourchild rabies.The chance of a severe reaction fromRABIPUR is very small, but the risksfrom not being vaccinated againstrabies may be very serious.

ACTEMRA (tocilizumab, known as RoACTEMRA within the EU) is the first interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor-inhibiting monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and is a novel approach to help tackle this debilitating disease. IL-6 has been identified as having a fundamental role in the inflammation process in RA.

For indication information see RoACTEMRA.

ACTEMRA is currently approved in Japan, US, the European Union (as RoACTEMRA), Switzerland, India, Moldova, Peru, Kuwait, Brazil and Liechtenstein and pending approvals in other countries around the world.

Zometa 4 MG 5 ML(zoledronic acid for injection) has been approved for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM), a common life-threatening metabolic complication associated with cancer. Zometa is an intravenous bisphosphonate that works by inhibiting the breakdown of bone (resorption). Zometa is used to prevent skeletal fractures in patients with cancers such as multiple myeloma and prostate cancer, as well as for treating osteoporosis.It can also be used to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy and can be helpful for treating pain from bone metastases.

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Zenapax 25 mg 5 ml is indicated for the prophylaxis of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids.

Hoffman-La Roche’s new monoclonal antibody drug, Zenapax (daclizumab), has been approved to prevent rejection of kidney transplants. The drug uses the body’s own immune system to prevent the acute rejection that can make kidney transplants fail.

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Velcade Injection is indicated in the treatment and management of multiple myeloma and relapsed mantle cell lymphoma.

Detailed Description :

Generic Name: Bortezomib
Velcade is a targeted therapy. It is classified as a proteasome inhibitor.

Velcade Is Used For:

1. Treatment of multiple myeloma.
2. Treatment of mantle cell lymphoma who have received at least one prior therapy.

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Tarceva (Erlotinib) for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer, a pill to treat lung cancer.  It has been approved by FDA

Detailed Description :

Tarceva was approved for patients with advanced non-small cell lungcancer, who have failed to respond to at least one prior round ofchemotherapy. Previously a similar drug Gefitinib (Iressa) byAstraZeneca was approved for the same indication (non-small cell lungcancer) but it was later shown in a large study that the drug does notincrease survival. Gefitinib is non longer an active option fornon-small cell lung cancer patients.

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Neulastim contains the active ingredient pegfilgrastim, and is used primarily as a supportive therapy for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. It is also known as Pegfilgrastim.

Neulastim is indicated to decrease the incidence of infection, as manifested by febrile neutropenia, in patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive anti-cancer drugs associated with a clinically significant incidence of febrile neutropenia

Neulastim is not a treatment for cancer, However it is used following chemotherapy to increase the number of white blood cells. It reduces your chance of developing infections that might require treatment with antibiotics and/or hospital stays. Neulastim is often referred to as a white blood cell booster and helps white blood cells to be more effective. It may also help to keep your chemotherapy treatment on schedule.

Neulastim is usually prescribed following chemotherapy to minimise the effect chemotherapy has on your white blood cells. This is called prophylactic treatment (to prevent) and your doctor may choose this if you are in one of the risk groups for neutropenia, that is, if it is deemed likely that chemotherapy will lower your white blood cells to unacceptable levels.

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Therapeutic area: Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL PositiveArthritis, RheumatoidLymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

What is it?

MabThera is a concentrate that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance rituximab.

What is it used for?

MabThera is used in adults to treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (a cancer of the lymph tissue), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL, a cancer of the B-lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell) and rheumatoid arthritis (a disease that causes inflammation of the joints).
In non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, MabThera is used to treat two types of the disease, both of which affect B-lymphocytes:

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Gemzar is a nucleoside analog used as chemotherapy. It is marketed as Gemzar by Eli Lilly and Company.

Detailed Description:

Gemzar is a nucleoside analog used as chemotherapy. It is marketed as Gemzar® by Eli Lilly and Company. As with fluorouracil and other analogues of pyrimidines, the drug replaces one of the building blocks of nucleic acids, in this case cytidine, during DNA replication. The process arrests tumor growth, as new nucleosides cannot be attached to the “faulty” nucleoside, resulting in apoptosis (cellular “suicide”).   Gemzar is used in various carcinomas: non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. It is being investigated for use in oesophageal cancer, and is used experimentally in lymphomas and various other tumor types.

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Faslodex 250 mg

Faslodex is used for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer found in postmenopausal women.

Detailed Description:

Faslodex is the trade name for Fulvestrant. In some cases, health care professionals may use the trade name Faslodex when referring to the generic drug name Fulvestrant.

Drug type:  Faslodex is a hormone therapy.  It fights cancer as an estrogen receptor down-regulator.
It is used to treat estrogen receptor positive metastatic breast cancer (cancer that has spread) in postmenopausal women, with disease progression following antiestrogen therapy. It is manufactured by AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals

 

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Baraclude is an oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. It is also known as Entecavir. BARACLUDE works to reduce the amount of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the body, which may improve the condition of your liver.

Detailed Description:

Baraclude (entecavir) is a nucleoside analog with selectiveactivity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Nucleoside analogsinhibit DNA synthesis in HBV infected cells, reducing viral loadand disease burden in infected patients. In animal studies, longterm administration of the drug was shown to reduce viral load toundetectable levels for 3-5 years.

Baraclude is specifically indicated for the treatment of chronicHBV infection in adults with evidence of active viral replicationand either evidence of persistent elevations in serumaminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically activedisease.

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Alimta trade name for ‘PEMETREXED’ is used to treat certain types of cancer (e.g., lung cancer, mesothelioma)

Detailed Description:

It is a chemotherapy drug that is used alone or in combination with other medications to slow or stop cancer cell growth. Alimta is a cancer medication that interferes with the growth of cancer cells and slows their growth and spread in the body. Alimta is used to treat mesothelioma, a form of lung cancer associated with exposure to asbestos. Alimta is also used to treat non-small cell lung cancer that has already been treated with other cancer medications.

Alimta may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Important information about Alimta    Before receiving Alimta, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have kidney or liver disease, bone marrow suppression, a weak immune system, or excess fluid in the space around your lung, liver, or other internal organs.

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Generic name: Tocilizumab
Brand name: Actemra

Drug class and mechanism: Tocilizumab is an injectable synthetic (man-made) protein that binds to interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the body and blocks the effects of IL-6 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation is the body's reaction to injury and is a necessary process for the repair of injury. IL-6 is a protein that the body produces when there is inflammation. IL-6 promotes inflammation and the signs of inflammation, which, in the case of arthritis, includes fever as well as pain, tenderness, and swelling of the joints. The unchecked inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis eventually leads to destruction of the joints. Tocilizumab binds to IL-6 in the body and thereby blocks the effects of IL-6. As a result, inflammation and its consequences in the joints are reduced, and the progressive destruction of the joints is slowed or prevented. The FDA approved tocilizumab in January 2010.

GENERIC AVAILABLE: No

PRESCRIPTION: Yes

PREPARATIONS: Injection: 20 mg/ml

STORAGE: Tocilizumab should be stored refrigerated at 2 to 8 C (36 to 46 F).

Clinical Pharmacology

Albumin is a highly soluble, globular protein (MW 66,500), accounting for 70 - 80% of the colloid osmotic pressure of plasma. Therefore, it is important in regulating the osmotic pressure of plasma1,2. Human albumin grifols® 20% supplies the oncotic equivalent of approximately 4 times its volume of human plasma. It will increase the circulating plasma volume by an amount approximately 2.5 times the volume infused within 15 minutes, if the recipient is adequately hydrated3. This extra fluid reduces hemoconcentration and decreases blood viscosity. The degree and duration of volume expansion depend upon the initial blood volume.

When treating patients with diminished blood volume, the effect of infused albumin may persist for many hours. The hemodilution lasts for a shorter time when albumin is administered to individuals with normal blood volume.

Albumin is also a transport protein and binds naturally occurring, therapeutic, and toxic materials in the circulation2.

Albumin is distributed throughout the extracellular water and more than 60% of the body albumin pool is located in the extravascular fluid compartment. The total body albumin in a 70 kg man is approximately 320 g; it has a circulating life span of 15 - 20 days, with a turnover of approximately 15 g per day1.

Indications and Usage

Albumin (Human), Human albumin grifols ® 20% is indicated:

1. For the prevention and treatment of hypovolemic shock2,4, and
2. in conjunction with exchange transfusion in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia2.
3. Concentrated Albumin (Human) solutions (e.g., 20%) have also been used successfully to induce diuresis in some patients with acute nephrosis1 who were refractory to other forms of treatment. However, Albumin (Human) has no role in the management of chronic nephrosis.
4. More dilute Albumin (Human) solutions (e.g., 5%) have been used as pump priming fluids during cardiopulmonary bypass. However, an adequate blood volume can also be maintained during bypass with crystalloid as the only priming fluid without a significant difference in the clinical outcome achieved1,2.

Conditions in which Albumin (Human) use is usually not justified:

1. Postoperative hypoproteinemia. Major surgery or other injury of capillary walls may lead to substantial losses of circulating albumin over and above those due to bleeding1,2,4,5. However, this redistribution of albumin in the body rarely causes clinically significant hypovolemia, hence treatment with Albumin (Human) is usually not indicated.
2. Renal dialysis. Patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis may occasionally require Albumin (Human) for the treatment of an acute volume or oncotic deficit1. Such patients who receive Albumin (Human) should be carefully monitored for signs of circulatory overload, to which they are particularly sensitive.
3. Paracentesis or Acute liver failure. Removal of even large volumes of ascites fluid is usually well tolerated. However, if significant hypovolemia and/or cardiovascular function changes ensue, Albumin (Human) can provide short-term benefit. Similarly, in patients with acute liver failure, Albumin may have a stabilizing effect, but the therapy must be guided by individual circumstances1. Albumin (Human) is of no value in the management of chronic cirrhosis.

Unless the pathologic condition responsible for hypoalbuminemia can be corrected, administration of Albumin (Human) can afford only symptomatic relief. There is NO valid reason for the use of Albumin (Human) as an intravenous nutrient.

ENTECAVIR (Baraclude™) is used to treat infections due to the hepatitis B virus. Entecavir can slow the liver damage caused by hepatitis B. It will not cure or prevent hepatitis B infection. Generic entecavir tablets are not yet available.

Clinical applications:

TPA is used in diseases that feature blood clots, such as pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke, in a medical treatment called thrombolysis. To be most effective in ischemic stroke, TPA must be administered as early as possible after the onset of symptoms. Protocol guidelines require its use intravenously within the first three hours of the event, after which its detriments may outweigh its benefits. They can either be administered systemically, in the case of acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and most cases of acute massive pulmonary embolism, or administered through an arterial catheter directly to the site of occlusion in the case of peripheral arterial thrombi and thrombi in the proximal deep veins of the leg.[1] The guideline in Ontario, Canada hospitals for ischemic strokes is that TPA must be given within 4.5 hours of the onset of symptoms.

[Citation needed] Because of this, only about 3% of patients qualify for this treatment, since most patients do not seek medical assistance quickly enough.[citation needed] In the United States, the window of administration is 3 hours from onset of symptoms. TPA appears to show benefit not only for large artery occlusions but also for lacunar strokes. Since TPA dissolves blood clots, there is risk of hemorrhage with its use.

Anti-thymocyte globulin (rabbit) is an immuno suppressant. It is used to reduce the body's natural immunity in patients who receive kidney transplants.

When a patient receives an organ transplant, the body's white blood cells will try to get rid of (reject) the transplanted organ. Anti-thymocyte globulin (rabbit) works by preventing the white blood cells from doing this.

The effect of anti-thymocyte globulin (rabbit) on the white blood cells may also reduce the body's ability to fight infections. Before you begin treatment, you and your doctor should talk about the good this medicine will do as well as the risks of using it.

Anti-thymocyte globulin (rabbit) is to be administered only by or under the immediate supervision of your doctor.

We review the evidence of botulinum toxins in the treatment of pain. Main indications of botulinum toxin treatment, dystonia and spasticity, involve pain. Increasing evidence suggests direct analgesic effects of botulinum. Botulinum inhibits release of pain mediators (substance P, CGRP, excitatory amino acids, ATP, noradrenaline). Clinical trials have consistently shown analgesic effect of botulinum toxin in post-stroke shoulder pain, bladder dysfunction, chronic migraine, neuropathic pain, bruxism and lateral epicondylitis. Other pain conditions have been studied with yet uncertain results. It seems that the number of patients who would benefit from botulinum toxin treatment will increase considerably in the future.

Methotrexate is used to treat severe psoriasis (a skin disease in which red, scaly patches form on some areas of the body) that cannot be controlled by other treatments. Methotrexate is also used along with rest, physical therapy and sometimes other medications to treat severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA; a condition in which the body attacks its own joints, causing pain, swelling, and loss of function) that cannot be controlled by certain other medications. Methotrexate is also used to treat certain types of cancer including cancers that begin in the tissues that form around a fertilized egg in the uterus, breast cancer, lung cancer, certain cancers of the head and neck, certain types of lymphoma, and leukemia (cancer that begins in the white blood cells). Methotrexate is in a class of medications called antimetabolites. Methotrexate treats cancer by slowing the growth of cancer cells. Methotrexate treats psoriasis by slowing the growth of skin cells to stop scales from forming. Methotrexate may treat rheumatoid arthritis by decreasing the activity of the immune system.

How should this medicine be used?

Methotrexate comes as a tablet to take by mouth. Your doctor will tell you how often you should take methotrexate. The schedule depends on the condition you have and on how your body responds to the medication.

Your doctor may tell you to take methotrexate on a rotating schedule that alternates several days when you take methotrexate with several days or weeks when you do not take the medication. Follow these directions carefully and ask your doctor or pharmacist if you do not know when to take your medication.

If you are taking methotrexate to treat psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis, your doctor may tell you to take the medication once a week. Pay close attention to your doctor's directions. Some people who mistakenly took methotrexate once daily instead of once weekly experienced very severe side effects or died.

Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take methotrexate exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

If you are taking methotrexate to treat psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis, your doctor may start you on a low dose of the medication and gradually increase your dose. Follow these directions carefully.

Methotrexate may cause very serious side effects. Some side effects of methotrexate may cause death. You should only take methotrexate to treat life-threatening cancer, or certain other conditions that are very severe and that cannot be treated with other medications. Talk to your doctor about the risks of taking methotrexate for your condition.

Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had excess fluid in your stomach area or in the space around your lungs and if you have or have ever had kidney disease. Also tell your doctor if you are taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as aspirin, choline magnesium trisalicylate (Tricosal, Trilisate), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), magnesium salicylate (Doan's), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), or salsalate. These conditions and medications may increase the risk that you will develop serious side effects of methotrexate. Your doctor will monitor you more carefully and may need to give you a lower dose of methotrexate or stop your treatment with methotrexate.

Methotrexate may cause a decrease in the number of blood cells made by your bone marrow. Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had a low number of any type of blood cells or any other problem with your blood cells. Your doctor may tell you not to take methotrexate unless you have life-threatening cancer.

Clinical studies now say that curcumin may be useful for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. It stimulates cellular growth aiding benefits including for cancer, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease. All evidences accumulated so far clearly indicate that curcumin protects against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, the major ailments in the West. This natural remedy has also shown preventive as well as therapeutic effects against Alzheimer’s disease, MS, cataract formation, AIDS and drug-induced nonspecific toxicity in the heart, lungs, and kidneys.  Further testing of curcumin in humans is underway to confirm these observations. A clinical development plan for using curcumin to treat cancer was recently described by the NCI

Ganciclovir capsules are used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (eye infection that can cause blindness) in people whose immune system is not working normally. Ganciclovir capsules are used to treat CMV retinitis after the condition has been controlled by intravenous (injected into a vein) ganciclovir. Ganciclovir is also used to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in people who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or who have received an organ transplant and are at risk of CMV disease.Ganciclovir is in a class of medications called antivirals. It works by preventing the spread of CMV disease or slowing the growth of CMV.

How should this medicine be used?

Ganciclovir comes as a capsule to take by mouth. It is usually taken with food three to six times a day.To help you remember to take ganciclovir, take it at around the same times every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take ganciclovir exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Swallow the capsules whole; do not open, split, chew, or crush them.

Be careful when handling ganciclovir capsules. Do not allow your skin, eyes, mouth, or nose to come into contact with broken or crushed ganciclovir capsules. If such contact occurs, wash your skin well with soap and water or rinse your eyes well with plain water.

You generally will receive intravenous (into a vein) ganciclovir for several weeks before you begin to take ganciclovir capsules. If your condition gets worse during your treatment, you may be given a second course of intravenous ganciclovir. Your doctor may decrease your dose of ganciclovir capsules if you experience side effects.

Ganciclovir controls CMV but does not cure it.It may take some time before you feel the full benefit of ganciclovir. Continue to take ganciclovir even if you feel well. Do not stop taking ganciclovir without talking to your doctor. Stopping to take ganciclovir too soon may cause the amount of CMV in your blood to increase or the virus to become resistant to this medication.

Aprepit contains Aprepitant which belongs to a class of medications called Antiemetics. Aprepit is also indicated for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy including high-dose cisplatin. Aprepit in combination with other antiemetic agents is indicated to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy treatment.
This medication is also used to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery. Aprepitant works by blocking one of the body's natural substances (substance P/neurokinin 1) that causes vomiting.

This medication will not treat nausea or vomiting if you already have it. Contact your doctor for further instructions if you are experiencing nausea or vomiting.

Lenograstim (rch) (Len-oh-grast-tim (rch)) is a medicine which is used in increasing white blood cell levels before a bone marrow transplant, increasing white blood cell levels in people who are having treatment for cancer and increasing white blood cell levels in people who have had a bone marrow transplant.

The information in this Medicine Guide for Lenograstim (rch) varies according to the condition being treated and the particular preparation used.

There are 2 preparations of Lenograstim (rch) available. If Lenograstim 13.4million unit powder and solvent for solution for injection

Lenograstim is the glycosylated recombinant form of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor. The drug is used to reduce the risk of life-threatening infection in patients with neutropenia, particularly after cytotoxic chemotherapy. Lenograstim accelerates neutrophil recovery significantly after chemotherapy, with beneficial effects on clinical end-points such as incidence of laboratory-confirmed infection and length of hospital stay.

Chemotherapy dose intensity has also been increased in patients receiving lenograstim, notably those with breast or small cell lung cancer, although improvements in tumour response and survival have not been demonstrated. Lenograstim also assists neutrophil recovery in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, and stimulates the production of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) for autologous transfusion after aggressive chemotherapy.

Lenograstim also mobilises CD34+ cells more efficiently in unit dose terms than filgrastim and has been used successfully to mobilise PBSCs from healthy donors for allogeneic transplantation. Randomised trials have shown increases in rates of disease remission after lenograstim therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, with no evidence of stimulation of malignant blasts. The drug has also shown potential in the mobilisation of nonmalignant PBSCs for autotransplantation in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Other studies show efficacy of lenograstim in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, in children with severe chronic neutropenia and in the reversal of neutropenia related to antiviral therapy in patients with AIDS, although data are not extensive.

Cost analyses of lenograstim have been carried out from a hospital perspective, although results have been inconclusive.

Lenalidomide is used to treat a certain type of myelodysplastic syndrome (a group of conditions in which the bone marrow produces blood cells that are misshapen and does not produce enough healthy blood cells). Lenalidomide is also used along with dexamethasone to treat people with multiple myeloma (a type of cancer of the bone marrow) who have already been treated with at least one other medication. Lenalidomide is in a class of medications called immunomodulatory agents. It works by helping the bone marrow to produce normal blood cells and by killing abnormal cells in the bone marrow.

How should this medicine be used?

Lenalidomide comes as a capsule to take by mouth. When lenalidomide is used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome, it is usually taken with water once daily. When lenalidomide is used to treat multiple myeloma, it is usually taken with water once daily for 21 days and then is not taken for 7 days. This 28-day pattern may be repeated as recommended by your doctor. Take lenalidomide at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take lenalidomide exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Swallow the capsules whole; do not break, chew, or open them.

Your doctor has ordered the drug lomustine to help treat your illness. The drug is taken by mouth in capsule form. Your full dose may contain two or more different types of capsules. Take all of them at the same time, with fluids, on an empty stomach. Lomustine usually is given once every 6 weeks.

This medication is used to treat:

• Brain tumors

• Hodgkin's disease

This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

Lomustine is in a class of drugs known as alkylating agents; it slows or stops the growth of cancer cells in your body. The length of treatment depends on the types of drugs you are taking, how well your body responds to them, and the type of cancer you have.

Lomustine is also used in the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, malignant melanoma, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and carcinoma of the GI tract. Lomustine has been applied to the skin to treast mycosis fungoides and psoriasis. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this drug for your condition.

Tigecycline is an injectable antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Tigecycline is similar to tetracycline antibiotics and has activity against a large number of bacteria. Tigecycline binds to bacterial ribosomes which produce the cell's proteins. The binding prevents bacterial ribosomes from producing important proteins needed for bacterial growth and multiplication. Tigecycline prevents bacteria from multiplying, but it does not kill bacteria. Tigecycline was approved by the FDA in June 2005.