High Silicon Iron Anodes are among the most common impressed current anodes used in groundbed construction. The high corrosion resistance of silicon iron and silicon chromium iron alloys effectively ensures lifetimes in excess of 20 years. Silicon Iron Anodes can be used for onshore, seawater and freshwater applications. The most common areas of use are listed below:
The high silicon iron anodes without chromium are for use in neutral soils & freshwater environments, content are for use in aggressive acidic 0r alkaline soils and seawater environments. the consumption rate of high silicon chrome cast iron anodes has been found to be between 0. 2 and 1. 2 pounds per ampere-year. For anodes of the same chemistry and microstructure, variance in consumption is primarily due to the chemical and physical characteristics of the anode environment. the consumption rate does not appear to be significantly affected by current density (amperes per unit area of anode surface). The use of coke breeze around the anode in soil ground beds will tend to lower the consumption rate. A generally accepted design guideline for anodes buried in coke breeze is 0. 7 pounds per amp-year.
Platinized Niobium Anodes are designed for usage in all types of aqueous storage and process equipments. It is applicable for Electroplating, Cathodic Protection, Electro Dialysis, Electro Winning Process, Electrolytic Production of Sodium Hypo Chlorite, Seawater Application, and Water Treatment. The Niobium substrate is resistant to corrosion, the anode remains dimensionally stable over its operating life and consumption of the Platinum costing is extremely low (40 to 80 mg / amp-yr). Because of its low consumption rate, the anode may be employed in a protection system to achieve a design life of 6 years and above. Platinized Niobium Anode is highly conductive and can be operated at a maximum current density of 100 amps/ft2. The anode is also Very light weight, flexible and strong. Platinized Niobium Anodes are designed for use in all types of aqueous storage and process equipment. The anode has proven to operate effectively in fresh, brackish and salt water and is not adversely affected by Chloride concentration. Our product range of Platinized Niobium Anodes include:
Aluminium alloy anodes can be used for the protection of storage tanks and are frequently installed on ship hulls and jetties. They also have a particular use in the protection of sub sea pipelines,oil rigs and semisubmersibles. The electrochemical performance of aluminum makes it an attractive galvanic anode material, especially in low resistivity applications such as seawater. Compared to magnesium, aluminum's lower driving potential and high current capacity per pound make it an excellent choice for long life saline cathodic protection systems.
Anodes Rods are designed to protected the tank of a water heater by reduceing internal corrosion. Periodic replacement of the anode rod prolongs the tank life. the anode rod includes a hex head for easy installation. Anode Rods attract corrosive elements in water, so they attack the anode rod rather than the interior of your water heater's tank. Simply remove the plastic drain plug and insert the anode rod. Atwood Anode Rod is made of magnesium; Suburban Anode Rod is made of aluminum. When replacement is necessary, unscrew the old one and insert the new one.
Mixed metal oxide (MMO) coated titanium anodes comprise a family of electrodes made from commercially pure titanium to which an electro catalytic layer is applied by thermal decomposition. The electrocatalytic layers is composed of a mixture of noble and valve metal oxides, the selection of which and their ratio is dictated by the electrolyte condi t ions in which the anode is immersed. These anodes can be used to advantage in aggressive solutions or other difficult applications. The manufacturing route of MMO coated anodes varies depending on the composition of the electrocatalytic layer. In general the route involves multiple application by thermal decomposition of mixtures of noble metals as their oxides. A variety of shapes and forms are available including Tubular, Bar, Rod, Sheet, Wire, Disc and Mesh. Individually fabricated anodes are available to suit customers specific requirements. MMO coatings can be specifically formulated to withstand the simultaneous generation of oxygen and chlorine, which occurs in dilute sea water or fresh water containing low chloride levels. MMO coated anodes are also durable in highly acidic media and are often used in deep well ground beds.
Platinised titanium manufactured by a special process in which the titanium substrate is modified prior to plating. This process confers almost total freedom from interface degradation and premature loss. The titanium surface is modified to improve adhesion of platinum and to significantly improve uniformity of coating thickness. A further benefit is reduction in coating porosity imparting greater acid resistance to the anode.The manufacturing route includes application by thermal decomposition of noble metals followed by electroplating to produce a dense wear-resistant layer of platinum.
Zinc anodes has been used as a sacrificial anode material in seawater since 1824, when Sir Humphery Davy used zinc blocks to prevent corrosion of the copper cladding on the hulls of British warships. Modern zinc anodes used for cathodic protection are cast from high purity zinc (99.995 %) alloyed with aluminium and silicon to combat impurities and cadmium to give uniform dissolution with loose dispersible corrosion products.The most widely used specification for zinc anodes is US Mil Spec 18001J are the most widely used, for cathodic protection
Above ground storage tanks in hydrocarbon process plants which are located in aggressive soil at costal areas, are at a risk from bottom plate corrosion, due to formation of a galvanic corrosion cell between the tank bottom and the soil. This galvanic corrosion cell formation effect is more predominant if the content of the tank is stored at high temperature. At such situations traditional methods of passive barrier protection systems such as sand bitumen tank foundation pad or soil side paint / coating of the bottom plates cannot prevent corrosion. Tank leakage due to corrosion poses significant treat for the safety of the plant equipment and personnel due to possibility of occurrences of the fire hazards, if the tank content is hazardous material. The replacement of the bottom plate due to corrosion damage is also found to be costly. Suitable designed cathodic production system using either close or remote anode ground bed supplemented with soil side paint / coating of bottom plate is the appropriate.
Anodes made of Lead Alloys are used in the electrowinning and plating of metals such as manganese, copper, nickel, and zinc. Rolled lead-calcium-tin and lead-silver alloys are the preferred anode materials in these applications, because of their high resistance to corrosion in the sulfuric acid used in electrolytic solutions. Lead Anodes also have high resistance to corrosion by seawater, making them economical to use in systems for the cathodic protection of ships and offshore rigs.
Magnesium anodes are most economical when used on land where high driving potentials make them suitable for high resistivity soils and in brackish water and estuarine locations where the combination of salt and fresh water also gives high resistivities. Effective and economical, magnesium has the highest driving potential of any sacrificial anode. Magnesium anodes are used for corrosion protection in most direct earth burial applications and in higher resistivity, aqueous electrolytes
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