Biological Study And Laboratory Testing Services

Toxicology' traditionally known as the 'science of poisons' began with early cave dwellers who recognized poisonous plants and animals and used their extracts for hunting or warfare. Simultaneously, with time, to determine the effectiveness of a particular compound the concept of toxicology was developed.

Toxicology basically is defined as the study of the effects of chemical agents on biological material with special emphasis on the harmful effects. After gaining relevant information on the harmful effects of a compound the levels for its safe usage or the degree of its safeness is established, which is also known as its (compound) Biosafety level.

Toxicology division of Institute For Industrial Research & Toxicology., an autonomous body, was established nearly 27 years ago. Since then it has catered to various industries with a professional outlook and time bound results. It has been involved in generating unbiased preclinical, toxicological and biosafety data. A very large list of satisfied customers over the past 27 years bears eloquent testimony to the scientific culture of the institute

Pharmacology is the study of drugs - what they are, how they work and what they do. It includes the study of the manner in which the function of living tissues and organisms is modified by chemical substances and the study of the effect of chemical agents on living processes.

Pharmacology is commonly subdivided into pharmacodynamics (the biological effects of drugs) and pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion), also expressed as, respectively, the effects of drugs on the body and the effect of the body on drugs.To many, the word 'drug' suggests a dangerous substance to which young people become ruinously addicted. To a pharmacologist, however, the word 'drug' really means any chemical substance which changes normal body function and so includes medicines as well as poisons and drugs of abuse.

The subject is immensely broad and covers large areas of physiology, biochemistry and toxicology, all of which are concerned with the effects of chemicals on living organisms.

Three important aspects of pharmacology are:

• The use of drugs to study physiological mechanisms

• The use of drugs in medicine

• Understanding the biological effects of environmental chemicals

A laboratory (informally, lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. The title of laboratory is also used for certain other facilities where the processes or equipment used are similar to those in scientific laboratories.

In recent years government and private centers for innovation in learning, leadership and organization have adopted "lab" in their name to emphasize the experimental and research-oriented nature of their work.

Scientific laboratories can be found in schools and universities, in industry, in government or military facilities, and even aboard ships and spacecraft. A laboratory might offer work space for just one to more than thirty researchers depending on its size and purpose.