Digital Meter

Range :                0. 0 to 14. 0 ph
resolution :          0. 1 ph
accuracy (@200c/680f) :    + 0. 1 ph
batteries :       3 x to 1. 5 v alkaline
life :                     approx 700 hours of use
dimensions :   150 x 30 x 24 mm
                               (5. 9 x 1. 2 x 0. 9”)
weight :             85 g ( 3 oz. )

Bomb calorimeter outfit provide a simple and inexpensive method for determination of heat of combustion of organic matter and the calorific value & sulphur content of solid & liquid fuel. The outfit supplied is complete for analysis as per the method recommended by british standard institution bs 1016. All parts of the outfit have been finished and tested according to the specification laid down by institute of petroleum and british standard institute. It comes with all essential accessories like, bomb, calorimeter vessel with bomb support, water jacket, stirrer, electronic firing unit with digital backman thermometer etc


testing of bomb :
bomb is made of ss 316. Each bomb is tested before it leaves the factory in accordance with the requirement of the institute of petroleum (i. P. 12/63 t. Appendix 1) and a works certificate is issued with each bomb. This certificate gives the results of hydraulic testing under a pressure of 300 atmospheres (4400 p. S. I) maintained for a period of ten minutes without sign of leakage. The maximum deformation must not exceed the specified limits.


calorimeter vessel :
the vessel is made of copper and is chromium plated or s. S. It includes a bomb support that ensures proper positioning of bomb in the vessel.


water jacket :
the outer container of jacket is made of copper and is chromium plated both inside and outside or s. S. The is closed by an ebonite cover. A terminal block is fitted to the of the container so that connection can be made from the firing control.


offset stirrer :
the stirring mechanism supplied gives sufficient turbulence for effective stirring whilst no heat is imparted to the calorimeter water. It consists of an impeller stirrer driven at a constant speed of approximately 800 r. P. M. The offset arrangement whereby the motor drives the impeller via a belt precludes any possibility of heat transference between motor and calorimeter vessel contents.


electronic firing unit with digital backman thermometer :
for firing a calorimeter bomb ac supply main (230 volts 50 cycles). It consists of two parts viz electrical box and electronic box for digital thermometer reading. The electrical box is provided with socket for stirrer and terminals for the fuse wire. The unit has provision for test of firing wire resistance or open circuit. A left hand side bulb indicate the continuity while right hand side bulb indicates the open circuit (firing).

crucible :
various types of crucible are available the standard supplied with the outfit being a stainless steel crucible of 8 ml capacity which fits in the standard support ring provided with the outfit.

•	Maximum Length of tubes which this model can take is 220mm; smaller tubes of course can be used. The tubes supplied have a bubble trap.
•	Polaroid Sheets used for polarizing the incident light.
•	Glass circular scale finely marked in angular degrees and also in ISS degrees. The range on ISS Scale is from—30 o + 130 o .
•	Permanent focus: Once the dividing line is focused for the eye. The focus is not disturbed by inserting tubes containing solutions, regardless of the nature of solution or of the length of the tube.
•	Permanent good definition even with difficult liquids.
•	Rotating half shadow Effect.
•	Provision for attaching lamp to the instrument thus keeping alignment correct at all times.

Polarimeter is a reliable instrument for accurate measurement of Optical Rotations, for study of Polarization effects and for quick and easy discrimination between right-handed sugars such as Dextrose and left handed sugar such as levulose. The instruments find use in industries as well as in Colleges and Universities.


The Polarimeter essentially consists of a pair of polarizes arrange in a straight line, one of which (analyzer) can be rotated with respect to the other (Polaris) and the rotation measured on a divided circle. The analyzer is rotated till it is ‘crossed' with the Polaris. In this position the planes of he polarization of the polarizer and the analyzer, are mutually perpendicular, so that there is no transmission of light across the pair. Now if a tube containing an optically active solution is introduced between the polarizer and the analyzer, the light transmission is partially or wholly (if the optical rotation of the liquid equals90 o ) resorted. The analyzer is rotation again to obtain the “no transmission” position. This rotation equals, the optical rotation of the liquid.

Since it is difficult to recognize the actual “no transmission” position, one is able to obtain a ”range” only for no transmission. The definition of this range is quite subjective. To overcome this difficulty, in modern polarimeter, an extra device is used. This device is a “half-wave plate”, covering half of the circular field of view. This plate introduces a certain path difference between light waves in the two halves of the field of view. Thus when the analyzer is rotated the intensity in one half of the field of view is extinguished slightly before the other half. At this point it is easy to continue rotation of the analyzer to obtain a uniform illumination of the field of view. This position can be determined quite accurately and is used as the desired position. The optically active substance (solution) is now introduced between the polarize and the analyzer and the uniform, field of view position is determined again to obtain the optical rotation of the liquid.

The circular scales are finely marked on a 10cm diameter circle both in angular measure and in International Sugar Scale. The smallest division on angular scale is 1 o ISS. The Sugar Scale is calibrated between—30 o (for Laboratory substances) and +130 o ISS. A divided of 0.05o(3 minutes) on the angular scale and 0.1 o ISS. The Scale is properly illuminated to facilitate reading.

Conductivity in five ranges. The resolution is 0. 1 µs/cm respectively, in the lowest range. The cell constant is flashed on a digital display & can be adjusted from the front panel. The instruments have the "check" facility to calibrate the instruments.

The instrument are ideal for monitoring salt contents in water and soluble salts in soils. They are extremely useful instruments for agricultural and soil analysis labs, swimming pools, fertilizer plants, petroleum, refineries, textiles plants etc.


Specifications

Display	3½ digit led
Measurement	conductivity
Ranges	0 to 200 µs/cm 0 to 2 m s/cm 0 to 20 m s/cm 0 to 200 m s/cm 0 to 1000 m s/cm
Temp. Compensation	2 %
Accuracy	±1% fs ± 1digit

Range 0 to 1900 µS   accuracy ± 1 µS

Digital TDS Meter are reliable and accurate test instruments for measurement of TDS of aqueous solutions. They measure Conductivity in five ranges. The resolution is 0.1 ppm respectively, in the lowest range. The cell constant is flashed on a digital display & can be adjusted from the front panel. The instruments have the "Check" facility to calibrate the instruments.

The Instrument are ideal for monitoring salt contents in water and soluble salts in soils. They are extremely useful instruments for agriculatural and soil analysis labs, swimming pools, fertilizer plants, petroleum, refineries, textiles plants etc.

SPECIFICATIONS

Display	3½ Digit LED
Measurement	TDS
Ranges	0 to 200 ppm 0 to 2.000 ppt 0 to 20.00 ppt 0 to 200.00 ppt 0 to 1000 ppt
Accuracy	± 2% FS ± 1 Digit
Temp. Compensation	Manual: 0 to 50ºC
Cell Constant	Adjustable on Digital Display
Measuring Cell	Platinum DIP Type
Resolution	0.1 ppm
Power	230V ± 10% AC, 50 Hz
Dimensions	76 x 275 x 175mm
Sensor	T.D.S. Cell

•	dark field illumination.
•	bright dividing lines.
•	oblique non-glare bright light (20 w)
•	variable focus.
•	automatic registration through ressetable electromagnetic counter.
•	marking pen for accurate counting.
•	with three digit display 0-999 and four digit display 0-9999

complete with special pen, which allows marking and counting simultaneously. Counting is retransfer at digital panel, re-settable solid setting counter, a magnifying glass is provided. A fluorescent light is provided for uniform light illumination.

the front surface is inclined at an angle found comfortable for most technicians. The instrument is styled to confirm with the modern laboratory style and finished in silver ash.

resettable electromagnetic counter provides instant, cumulative and accurate recording of colony counts, phase and bacterial genetics. The counter is energized by a switch in the pen. This micro current is then amplified through a solid state circuit to operate the electromagnetic counter. It needs no warm-up, permits counting speeds of up to 12 counts per second without sputtering and eliminate drudgery and the change of error.

this marking pen necessary for the counter permits accurate counting of growths in colonies in closed petri dishes. It is especially valuable when working the pathogens or when a contamination free culture is desired.

the marking pen is replaceable and is commercially available. The ink used in the pens also available in variety of colours in the market if different markings are desired.

the marking pen also be used in conjuction with the disposable membranes. The wet membranes could be fixed at the back of the petri dish for counting. After counting, the sheets can be indexed, dried and stored for reference.