Thioamide is a functional group with the general structure R-CS-NR'R, where R, R', and R are organic groups. They are analogous to amides except that they exhibit greater multiple bond character between the C-N bond. One of the best known thioamides is thioacetamide, which is used as a source of the sulfide ion and is a building block in heterocyclic chemistry.
They are typically prepared by treating amides with phosphorus sulfides such as phosphorus pentasulfide and, in more specialized applications.These are also a class of drugs which are used to control thyrotoxicosis.
A number of natural products, with diverse chemical structures, have been isolated as anticancer agents. Several potential lead molecules such as camptothecin, vincristine, vinblastine, taxol, podophyllotoxin, combretastatins, etc. have been isolated from plants and many of them have been modified to yield better analogues for activity, toxicity or solubility.
Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group and are proton donors. Salts and anions of carboxylic acids are called carboxylates.
The simplest series of carboxylic acids are the alkanoic acids, R-COOH, where R is a hydrogen or an alkyl group. Compounds may also have two or more carboxylic acid groups per molecule.
Esters are derived from carboxylic acids. A carboxylic acid contains the -COOH group, and in an ester the hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group of some kind. This could be an alkyl group like methyl or ethyl, or one containing a benzene ring like phenyl.
Isocyanate is the functional group of atoms (1 nitrogen, 1 carbon, 1 oxygen). An isocyanate may have more than one isocyanate group.
The isocyanate group reacts with the hydroxyl functional group to form a urethane linkage. If a diisocyanate is reacted with a compound containing two or more hydroxyl groups (a polyol), long polymer chains are formed, known as polyurethanes.
Isothiocyanates act by inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The isothiocyanates with the stongest anticancer effects are phenylethylisothiocyanate, benzylisothiocyanate and 3-phenylpropylisothiocyanate.
It help to prevent lung cancer and esophageal cancer. Isothiocyanates can also lower the risk of other cancers, including gastrointestinal cancer.
Sulfonyl chlorides are a class of organic compounds with the general formula R-SO2-Cl. These compounds react readily with nucleophiles (like alcohols, amines etc.).
In organic chemistry, a thiol is a compound that contains the functional group composed of a sulfur atom and a hydrogen atom (-SH). Being the sulfur analogue of an alcohol group (-OH), this functional group is referred to either as a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group. More traditionally, thiols are often referred to as mercaptans.
Thiophenols also describes a class of compounds formally derived from thiophenol itself. All have a sulfhydryl group (-SH) covalently bonded to an aromatic ring. The organosulfur ligand in medicine merthiolate is a thiophenol.
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