Horticultural Impex

Type	Natural
Fowering	Nov. - Feb.
English Name	Emblic Myrobalan, Indian Gooseberry
Seeds Per Kg	68000 - 89000
Duration	Short Lived (1-6 Months)
Pre sowing Treatment	Hot Water
Germination Percent	plus 70

Phyllanthus emblica (syn. Emblica officinalis), the Indian gooseberry, or aamla, is a deciduous tree of the Phyllanthaceae family. It is known for its edible fruit of the same name. The tree is small to medium in size, reaching 8 to 18 m in height, with a crooked trunk and spreading branches. The branchlets are glabrous or finely pubescent, 10–20 cm long, usually deciduous; the leaves are simple, subsessile and closely set along branchlets, light green, resembling pinnate leaves. The flowers are greenish-yellow. The fruit are nearly spherical, light greenish yellow, quite smooth and hard on appearance, with six vertical stripes or furrows.
Ripening in autumn, the berries are harvested by hand after climbing to upper branches bearing the fruits. The taste of Indian gooseberry is sour, bitter and astringent, and it is quite fibrous. In India, it is common to eat gooseberries steeped in salt water and turmeric to make the sour fruits palatable. It is also used to straighten hair.

Type	Natural
Flowering	Oct. - Dec.
English Name	Indian Jujube
Seeds per kg	20000
Pre Sowing Treatment	Not Required
Germination Percent	70

Ziziphus mauritiana a small evergreen tree of variable size, up to 15m or even more in height, with a spreading crown and stipular spines, found both wild and cultivated throughout the greater part of India, ascending to an altitude of c. 1500m in the Himalayas, Low shrubby form is common. Bark rough, grey or dull blackl leaves variable, oblong-elliptic ovate or suborbicular, closely serrulate or entire, rounded at both ends, prominently 3-nerved flowers greenish yellow, in axillary cymes; drupes oblong-globose or ovoid, red orange or yellowish.

Type	Natural
Duration	Long Lived (1-2 years)
Flowering	March-April
English Name	Tamarind Tree;
Seeds per kg	1800
Pre Sowing Treatment	Scarification
Germination Percent	70

Tamarindus indica a moderate sized to large, evergreen tree, up to 24-30mt. in height and 7 m in girth, but generally smaller, cultivated or found naturalized almost throughout the plains and sub-Himalayan tracts of India, particularly in the South. Bark brownish or dark grey, longitudinally and horizontally fissured; leaves paripinnate, up to 15cm long; leaflets generally 10-20 pairs, sub-sessile, oblong, 8-30mm x 5-10mm; flowered racemes at the ends of rthe branchlets; pods 7.5-20.0cm long, c. 2.5cm broad and 1.0cm. thick, more or less constricted between the seeds, slightly curved, brownish-ash-coloured, scurfy; seeds 3-12, obovate-oblong, compressed, with a shallow, oblong pit on each side of the flat faces c. 1.5x0.8cm in loculi, enveloped by a tough, leathery membrane, the so-called endocarp.
Outside the endocarp is the lightbrownish, red, sweetish acidic, edible pulp, traversed by a number of branched, ligneous strands. The outermost covering of the pod is fragile and easily separable. The tree has usually a short and thick trunk, with is seldom straight. It has a handsome, dense and spreading crown of feathery foliage and is prized for ornament and for palnting on the roadsides for shade. Through it is evergreen, there is abundant leaf-fall and the new leaves appear during March-April. In very dry localities, it sometimes becomes leafless for a short time during the hot season. The flowers appear from April to June and the pods ripen in the cold season. The tree is not exacting as regards the soil and in place it has become naturalized even in rocky land. It, however, thriges best on the deep alluvium. The tree generall prefers a warm climate and can withstand drough, but is sensitive to frost

Type	Natural
Duration	Very long lived ( more than 2 years)
Flowering	May-June
English Name	White Mulberry
Seeds per kg	448000
Pre Sowing Treatment	Not Required
Germination Percent	70

Morus alba a monoecious, occasionally dioecious shrub or moderate-sized tree with a fairly cylindrical straight bole, up to 10-18mt. high and 1.8 m in girth. Bark dark greyish brown, rough, with vertical fissures; leaves vary viable, ovate or broadly ovate, serrate or crenate-serrate, often deeply lobed; flowers in conspicuous, greenish; male spikes (catkins) laxflowered, broadly cylindrical or ovoid, female spikes ovoid, pedunculate; fruit a syncarp consisting of many drupes enclosed in fleshy perianth, ovoid or sub-globose, up to 5.0 cm. long, white to pinkish white, purple or dark purple to black. M. nigra is indigenus to china. The flowers are monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant)The plant is self-fertile.

Type	Natural
Duration	Moderate Long Lived (6-12 months)
Flowering	Sept.-Oct
English Name	Trade akhrot, akrut, akhor, krot
Seeds per kg	75
Pre Sowing Treatment	Stratifiation
Germination Percent	80

Juglans regia a large, deciduous, monoecious tree with tomentose shoots, found throughout the Himalayas and hills of Assam at altitudes of 3,000-11,000 ft. Bark grey, longitudinally fissured; leaves alternate, imparipinnate, 6-15 in. long; leaflets 5-13, subsessile, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 3-8 in. x 1.5-4 in., usually entire; flowers small, yellowish green; male in pendulous slender catkins, 2-5 in. long, female in 1-3 flowered, terminal catkings; fruit a green drupe with leathery exocarp, indehiscent, elliposoid-globose, c. 2 in. across; endocarp hard, woody, wrinkled, 2-valve, enclosing 4-lobed, corrugated, oily, elible seed.

Type	Natural
Duration	Very Short Lived (1-6 Months)
Flowering	April-June
English Name	The Mango
Seeds per kg	10-237
Pre Sowing Treatment	Scarification
Germination Percent	90

Mangifera indica a large evergreen tree, 10.0 - 45.0 m. high, with a heay, dome-shaped crown and a straight, stout bole; bark thick, rough, dark grey, flaking off when old; leabves linear-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 10-30 cm. long and 2-9 cm wide, emitting when crushed an aromatic, resinous odour; inflorescence a large panicle, containing in some types more than 3000 flowers. flowers tiny, reddish white or yellowish green, pungently odorous and melliferous; staminate and hermaphrodite flowers borne in the same panicle; fruit a large drupe exceedingly variable in form and size; fruit skin thick or thin, leathery, green, yellowish or red, often dotted with numerous glands; flesh (mesocarp) whitish yellow, yellow or orange, firm, soft or juicy, sub-acid or sweet, richly aromatic; fibres throughout the flesh in some types, absent or very little in others; seed solitary, ovoidoblique, encased in a hard compressed fibrous endocarp (stone).

Type	Dried
English Name	Peach,Nectarine
Germination Percent	450

Prunus persica a small tree up to 6mt. high, with glabrous twigs; leaves oblong to broad lanceolate, serrate, glabrous; flowers solitary, pink; fruits subglobose, 5-7cm across, fleshy, with a hard and deeply pitted stone.This species is broadly divided into three varieties, var. persica (Common Peach), var. nectarina (Ait.) Maxim. (Nectarine) and var. compressa Bean (Flat Peach.) These are again subdivided into two groups based on the nature of the flesh, i.e. whether it is adherent to the stone (Clingstone) or free from it (Freestone) (Rehder, 463); Mansfeld, 139). It is in flower in April, and the seeds ripen from Jul to August. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees.The plant is self-fertile.

Type	Natural
English Name	Himalayan Wild Cherry
Seeds per kg	3300
Germination Percent	70

Prunus cerasoides a middle sized or large tree indigenous to the temperate Himalayan region, extending from kashmir to Bhutan and in Aka and Khasi hills in Assam and in Manipur at altitudes of 900-2300m. The plant attains a height of 15-30mt. Bark smooth, brown, peeling off in horizontal strips exposing a shining copper-coloured surface; leaves variable in length and breadth, doubly serrare; flowers in fascicles or umbels, rose-red to white; drupes ovoid, c 1.25cm long, yellow or reddish.

Type

Natural

Prunus amygdalus is a tree, up to 15-20 ft. high, with oblong-lanceolate minutely serrate leaves; flowers solitary, pink or nearly white, 2-5cm across, showy and appearing before or with the early foliage; fruit a drupe, about 3-6cm long, pubescent, with tough flesh splitting at maturity, exposing the pitted stones; endocarp thin or thick; seed flattened, long, oval, with a brownish seed coat.This species includes three varieties, viz. Var. amygdalus, var. amara (DC) Focke and var. sativa (Ludw.) Focke. The first one includes wild types second and the third include a large number of cultivated types, var. amara comprising mostly the Bitter Almond and var. sativa the sweet Almond.

Type	Natural
Flowering	Nov. - Jan.
English Name	Sour, Bitter, Seville, Bigarade orange

Citrus aurantium other name "bitter orange", also known as Seville orange, sour orange, bigarade orange, and marmalade orange, refers to a citrus tree (Citrus × aurantium) and its fruit. Many varieties of bitter orange are used for their essential oil, which is used in perfume and as a flavoring. The Seville orange variety is used in the production of marmalade. This is a medium sized thorny tree with broadly winged leaf stalks; flowers large, white and fragrant; fruit round, rather rough, orange in colour, smaller than that of sweet ornage. Rind aromatic, bitter and pungent; pulp acid and slightly bitter. It is said to be indigenous to India.this species includes large no. of varieties, some of them evidently from hybrid origin. The timber of bitter orange tree is hard. It is used in cabinet making.

Type

Natural

Prunus armeniaca a moderate-sized tree, about 10m tall, with a reddish bark, found almost naturalized in the north-western Himalayas, particularly in the valleys of Kashmir, Chenab, and Kulu and in Simla hills at altitudes up to nearly 3000m.  Leaves ovate to round-ovate or sometimes sub-cordate, 5-9cm long; much in advance of the foliage; fruits round, c. 5cm across, pubescent when young, but nearly glabrous at maturity, with a yellow skin overlaid with red; flesh yellow to yellowish orange, firm and sweet, mostly free from the flat, ridged stone; kernels sweet in some types and bitter in others.

Type	Natural
English Name	Sweet cherry

Prunus avium a tree up to 18mt. high, erect or pyramidal in habit; leaves oblong-ovate, 6-15cm long, acutely serrate; flowers in fascicles, white, long stalked, appearing with the leaves; fruits round, smooth, yellow, red or nearly black, 0.6-1.25cm. flesh soft or firm, sweet or bitter. The sweet cherry has been divided by botanists into different groups, but because of hybridization amongst the various types it is rather difficult in many cases to classify them. They are commonly classified as: var. avium (Mazzard); var. juliana (Linn.) Schubler & Martens (Heart cherry, Gean cherry); and var. duracina (Linn.) Schubler & Martens (Bigarreau).

Type	Natural
English Name	Common Guava

Psidium guajava is an arborescent shrub or small tree, up to 33ft. high; leaves light green, finely pubescent and chartaceous; flowers white and fragrant; fruits green to light yellow, but in some varieties, red, varying in shape and size to a great extent; flesh creamish white to yellow and some red.Guava is often referred to as the apple of the tropics; it is a native of tropical America, probably from Mexico to Peru, and has long been naturalized in India.
Many varieties are known in cultivation, but a detailed horticultural and systematic study of the species and its varieties are known in cultivation, but a detailed horticultural and systematic study of the species and its varieties is still lacking. Sometimes two varieties are broadly distinguished, var. pyriferum and var. pomiferum based on the shape of the fruits, whether pear-shaped or globose and ovoid. However, they are no longer accorded botanical standing. P. guajava is closely similar to p. guineense and possibility of hybridization beween them seems likely, as they are highly variable with respect of fruit characters, and are also cultivated throughout the tropics.

Type

Natural

Punica granatum is a shrub or small tree, 5-8m. high, considered to be a native of Iran, Afghanistan and Baluchistan, found growing wild in the warm vallyeys and outer hills of the Himalaysa between 900 and 1800m and cultivated throughout India. Bark smooth, dark grey; branchlets sometimes spiniscent; leaves 2.0-8.0cm long, oblong or obovate, shining above; flowers usually scarlet red, sometimes yellow, 3.7-5.0cm long and as much across, mostly solitary or 2-4 together; fruits globose, crowned by persistent calyx, with a coriaceous woody rind and an interior septate with membranous walls, containing numerous seeds; seeds angular with a fleshy testa with is red, pink or whitish.

Type	Natural
Flowering	April - June

Litchi chinensis An evergreen tree, 10 -12 m. high, with broad round-topped crown of glossy green foliage; leaves pinnate with 2-9 leaflets; flowers polygamous, small greenish white or yellowish, in terminal panicles; fruit globose or oblong to ovate, 2.5 cm. or more in diam. with a dark or light red or yellow rind, faintly or sharply tubercled and brittle; aril fleshy-white, translucent, juicy, covering fully a large, dark brown, elliptic seed.

Type

Natural

Malus sylvestris is a low round - crowned tree, usually up to 15 m high with tomentose or heavily pubescent young growth; leaves mostly

Type	Natural
Flowering	Oct. - Nov.
English Name	Mandarin orange, Loose-skinned orange

Citrus reticulata a bushy, evergreen, glabrous, moderate-sized tree with rather small and slender leaves; petiole short, almost wingless; fruit globose or sub-globose, flattened on the top, with thin, lose rind easily separating from the segments, bright orange or scarlet orange when fully ripe; pulp juicy, sweet to sub-acid. Citrus reticulata is a native of china and Cochin China. It is widely cultivated in all the subtropical regions. In India, the areas of concentrated cultivation lie in Assam, Sikkim, C.P., Punjab, and Coorg. The principal tracts of cultivation in Assam are Khasi and Jaintia hills and the districts of Cachar and Kamrup. In Punjab, the principal areas are, Hoshiarpur, Gurdaspur and Kangra districts. Mandarin oranges are cultivated in S. India on a large scale, in Madras and Mysore. They are cultivated also in West Bengal, Bombay, Hyderabad, U.P., Patiala and Kashmir. It is used as antiasthamatic, analgesic, antiseptic, anti inflamatory, astringent, carminative, expectorant, laxative, stomachic, tonic etc.

Type	Natural
English Name	Quince

Cydonia oblonga shrub or a small tree cultivated in Afghanistan, N.W.F. Province, Punjab, Kashmir and Nilgiris. The plant attains a height of 4-6mt. Young branchlets are covered with a pale grayish wool. Leaves are oval, or elliptic, 5-10cm. long by 4-6m wide, untoothed, dark green above, pale with with a dense felt of grey wool beneath. Flowers are pink or white, produced in May or early June, after the leaves. Trees are self fertile. The fruits, which are pear or apple-shapped, are golden yellow in colour, juicy, fragrant and contain a large number of plano-convex, mucilagecoated seeds (6-7 mm. Long), closely packed in two vertical rows, in each of the five carpellary cavities of the fruit.The leaves, buds and bark are astringent. The fruits are sub-acid or sour in taste, and have an agreeable aroma. They are usually eaten after cooking or baking or are made into preserves and jellies. Some varieties grown in Persia and in other regions are said to bear sweet fruits which are edible even in the raw condition. The fruits are astringent, expectorant, tonic and cardiac.

Type

Natural

Morus nigra, the Black mulberry, is a species of mulberry. It is native to southwestern Asia, where it has been cultivated for so long that its precise natural range is unknown. It is know for it's large number of chromosomes, as it has 154 pairs (308 individuals).Morus nigra is a small deciduous tree growing to about 10-15 metres (35-45 ft) tall. The leaves are about 10-20 centimetres (4-8 in) long and 6-10 centimetres (2½-4 in) broad (up to 23 centimetres or 9 inches long on vigorous shoots), downy on the underside, with the upper surface rough with very short, stiff hairs.
The edible fruit is dark purple, almost black, when ripe, 2–3 centimetres (0.8–1.2 in) long, a compound cluster of several small drupes; it is richly flavoured, similar to the red mulberry (Morus rubra) but unlike the more insipid fruit of the white mulberry (Morus alba).