La-Medicca (India) Private Limited

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Parts used 
Flowers, leaves, bark, seeds and oil, root bark, young fruit, gum.

Pharmacological action
Root bark and fruit are astringent, tonic and anti periodic.
Bark is bitter, tonic, astringent, anti periodic and vermifuge
Fruit is emollient, purgative and antihelmentic
Oil is local stimulant, insecticide and antiseptic.
Leaves are antihelmentic
Flowers are stimulant, tonic and stomachic
Gum is stimulant and demulcent
Neem also possess anti spirochaetal and emmanogogue properties

Actions and uses in ayurveda
Jvara, aamsotha, vrana, kustha, prameha, netraroga, krimiroga, visaroga, aruci, vranam, chardi.

Indications
Photochemical: The bark exudes a clean bright amber colored gum which is collected in small trees or fragments. It contains a bitter alkaloid named margosine in long white needles. Leaves contain a small bitter substance of same chemical character but much more soluble in water. Seeds contain 10-30% of a yellow bitter fixed oil which is extracted by boiling. The oil is deep yellow in color and contains free and volatile fatty acids. The volatile fatty acids contain stearic and oleic acid with a small amount of lauric acid.

The sap contains glucose, sucrose, gums and coloring matter, proteids and ashes, containing potassium, iron, aluminium, caslcium and carbon dioxide.

Properties and action
Rasa: tikta, kashaya
Guna: laghu
Virya: sita
Vipaka: katu
Karma: vatala, pittanashak, grahi
Preparations: powder and decoction

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Parts used
Whole plant

Pharmacological action
The drug is astringent, bitter and cooling, nerve tonic, cardio tonic, aperient and diuretic

Action and uses in Ayurveda
Kustha, Jwara, Sopha, Pandu, Prameha, Manasavikara

Indications
The drug is astringent, bitter and cooling and reportedly improves the intellect. It is used in Ayurveda for the treatment of asthma, hoarseness, insanity and epilepsy and is also potent nerve tonic, cardiotonic, aperient and diuretic. It is reported to improve the intellect, and acts as anti-anxiety agent. It also clams restlessness in children and is used in several mental disorders.

Photochemical
The major phytoconstituent of Brahmi are Bacosides. Bacosides are saponins in nature, which help to repair damaged neurons by enhancing proteins involved in the regeneration of neural-cell synapses in body. The alkali Brahmine resembles strychnine in action but is less toxic. It contains stigma sterol in free state. The active principle, Hersaponin resembles reserpine and chlorpromazine in action

Properties and action
Rasa: tikta, kasaya, madhura
Guna: laghu, sara
Virya: sita
Vipaka: madhura
Karma: vata-har, kapha-har, rasayan, ayusya, medhya, swarya, prajasthapan, vish-hara, moh-hara.

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• OBESITY: When there are signs of excess weight with a sluggish lymphatic system this is appropriate
• Digestive system: decoction of buds is used in bleeding piles, worms, and diarrhea.
• Respiratory system: a gargle made from the bark is a remedy in sore throat. A decoction of buds is used in cough.

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• Blood and haemopoeitic tissue: useful in bleeding disorders and inflammatory conditions. 

• Respiratory system: in chronic cough, dyspnea and asthma 

• Skin: it is anti leprotic in use. 

• Liver and spleen: Tephrosia purpurea locally known as Sarapunkha, forms one of the most effective ingredients of formulations available in Indian market for liver ailments. In the traditional Indian medicine it is famous for its effectiveness in bilious febrile attacks, obstruction of liver and spleen apart. Notably it has shown good results in cirrhosis and viral hepatitis in clinical trials (human studies). 

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1. Bhaisajyaratnavali, sularogadhikar, 81 
2. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India , lavan and ksara, 131 
3. Ras Tantra Sar Siddh Prayog Sangreh Vol ?II, pg.no. 338

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Macroscopic identification
The clove is an evergreen tree, 15 to 30 feet tall. It has opposite, ovate leaves more than 5 inches long; and its flowers, when allowed to develop, are red and white, bell-shaped, and grow in terminal clusters. The familiar clove used in the kitchen is the dried flower bud. The fruit is a one- or two-seeded berry

Parts used
Flower buds, fruit an oil

Pharmacological action
Stomachic, carminative, stimulant, aromatic and antispasmodic. Externally oil is antiseptic, local anesthetic and rebufacient. Internally it increases the circulation, raises blood heat, promotes digestion of fatty and crude food, promotes nutrition and relieves gastric and intestinal pains and spasms. It stimulates the skin, salivary glands, kidney, liver and bronchial mucus membrane. Analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti-neuralgic, carminative, anti-infectious, disinfectant, insecticide, stimulant and tonic

Actions and uses in ayurveda
Kasa, svasa, hikka, adhmana, trsna, chardi, amlapitta

Indications
Digestive troubles, vomiting, dental caries, pain in gums and teeth, halitosis, dyspepsia, bronchitis and cough etc.

Photochemical
Essential oils (eugenalacetate and caryophyllene). The main chemical components of Cloves oil are: Eugenol, Furfurol, Caryophyllene, Eugenyl Acetate and Pinene

Properties and action
Rasa: tikta, katu
Guna: laghu, snigdh
Virya: sita
Vipaka: katu
Karma: dipana, pachana, ruchya, kaphapittashamaka, sulahara, kasahara

Preparations
Powder, extract, tablet

Therapeutic classification index

• Digestive system: Cloves are used in diarrhea, most liver, stomach and bowel ailments. Cloves have been used to treat flatulence, nausea and vomiting
• Skin: Traditional uses in America include treating worms, viruses, candida, various bacterial and protozoan infections
• Respiratory system: along with ginger and black pepper it is given in bronchitis, cough, rhinitis and asthma. It improves breath& relieves bad throat. Their disinfecting property is useful in cases of infectious diseases.
• Mouth: it is used in dental caries, painful and bleeding teeth and gums. Dentists use clove oil as an oral anesthetic. They also use it to disinfect root canals. Clove oil is the active ingredient in several mouthwash and a number of over-the-counter toothache pain-relief preparations

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Macroscopic identification
An annual herb with diffused or prostrates stems. The branches are flexuous covered with silky thread like hairs. The leaves are pari-pinnate having 6 to 7 pairs of leaflets that are narrow-elliptic with round base and apex. The yellow flowers are borne solitary and axillary. The fruit is weapon-wheel shaped containing five parts. Each part has two long sharp rigid spines, several shorter spines and surface covered with many hairs.

Parts used
Fruit and root

Actions and uses in ayurveda: vrishyam, dipanam, balya, pushtikaram, hridya, asmri-har, prameh-har, arsh-har, shwas kas-har

Pharmacological action
Diuretic and increases

performance

Indications
Tribulus is known to treat conditions affecting the liver and kidney as well as the cardiovascular and immune systems. Tribulus Terrestris is used to treat headaches, eye problems such as itching, conjunctivitis and weak vision, and nervousness. It is also used to treat high blood pressure and rib pain.

Photochemical
Gokshur contains Dioscin, protodioscin, diosgenin and similar. These substances have effect on  performance and may treat various  disorders, they regulate  energy level and strength by increasing the percentage of free

level for men and they affect pregnenolone, progesterone and estrogen. The hormone balancing effects of Bulgarian Tribulus Terrestris for women makes this herb suitable for premenstrual syndrome and menopausal syndrome

Sterols like betasitosterols or stigma. These substances protect the prostate from swelling and in combination with the X steroidal saponin, protect the prostate from cancer.

Proprietary steroidal saponin is currently referred to as X steroidal saponin. This X steroidal saponin affects the complete immune system. They have been demonstrated to possess anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects. Bulgarian Tribulus Terrestris may be used internally and externally to treat herpes, and virus infections such as influenza and the common cold.

Properties and action
Rasa: madhur
Guna: guru, snigdh
Virya: shit
Vipaka: madhura
Karma: vatanashak, vrsya, brmhana, mutral
Preparations: powder, decoction

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Action and uses in Ayurveda
Kustha, prameha, kamala, pandu, krimiroga, raktvikara, jvara, svasa, kasa, aruchi.

Indications
Skin disorders and diabetes

Photochemical
At least three different groups of constituents in bitter melon have been reported to have hypoglycemic (blood sugar lowering) or other actions of potential benefit in diabetes mellitus. These include a mixture of steroidal saponins known as charantin, insulin-like peptides, and alkaloids. It is still unclear which of these is most effective or if all three work together. Two proteins, known as alpha- and beta-momorcharin, inhibit the AIDS virus, but this research has only been demonstrated in test tubes and not in humans Alkaloids, charantin, charine, cryptoxanthin, cucurbitins, cucurbitacins, cucurbitanes, cycloartenols, diosgenin, elaeostearic acids, erythrodiol, galacturonic acids, gentisic acid, goyaglycosides, goyasaponins, guanylate cyclase inhibitors, gypsogenin, hydroxytryptamines, karounidiols, lanosterol, lauric acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, momorcharasides, momorcharins, momordenol, momordicilin, momordicins, momordicinin, momordicosides, momordin, momordolo, multiflorenol, myristic acid, nerolidol, oleanolic acid, oleic acid, oxalic acid, pentadecans, peptides, petroselinic acid, polypeptides, proteins, ribosome-inactivating proteins, rosmarinic acid, rubixanthin, spinasterol, steroidal glycosides, stigmasta-diols, stigmasterol, taraxerol, trehalose, trypsin inhibitors, uracil, vacine, v-insulin, verbascoside, vicine, zeatin, zeatin riboside, zeaxanthin, zeinoxanthin Amino acids-aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, thscinne, alanine, g-amino butyric acid and pipecolic

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