X-Ray Diffraction Simulations, For Laboratory

₹ 24,500/ PieceGet Latest Price
Application
Laboratory
Brand
V-Tech
I Deal In
New Only
Type
Digital
Country of Origin
Made in India
Introduction
Regular arrangement of atoms in molecules and extended solids is very common. In crystalline solids the atoms are arranged in repeating three-dimensional arrays or lattices. Information regarding atomic bond distances and angles is fundamental to understanding the chemical and physical properties of materials. Since atomic dimensions are of the order of angstroms (10 m), unraveling the relative atomic positions of a solid requires a physical technique that operates on a similar spatial scale, Diffraction experiments involving X-ray, electron and neutron sources have therefore played a very crucial role in unraveling these structures. The significance of these experiments in science and engineering courses has been recognized. However, the cost of the equipment and the hazards associated with these experiments have made them very difficult to be integrated and included in a teaching laboratory setting. The present set-up overcomes these limitations. An increase in scale by thousands from short wavelengths of X-rays to the long wavelengths of visible light, and by hundreds of thousands from an array of atoms in a crystal or an extended solid to an array of dots, allows us to replicate the basic features of a structural determination experiment in a teaching laboratory.In place of Bragg diffraction whose results are to be simulated, we use Fraunhofer diffraction. Visible laser light passes through an array of scattering centers (dots) on a 35 mm slide. The diffraction pattern is viewed atwhat is effectively infinite distance (a meter or so). This arrangement is capable of illustrating many of the essential features of the standard X-ray experiment. Mathematically, the equations for Fraunhofer and Bragg diffraction have a similar functional dependence on the interatomic distance, wavelength and the scattering angle. The symmetry of the diffraction pattern is same as the symmetry of the lattice causing the diffraction.The central piece of the set-up is a slide (transparency) with eight (A-H) different arrangements of scatteringcenters (dots) on different portions of the slide (Figure 3). The examples presented here serve to illustrate how the spacings, symmetries, spot intensities and systematic absences in a diffraction pattern are related to the lattice from which it is derived. Although these are two-dimensional lattices, they mimic what would be observed for diffraction from particular three-dimensional structures that are viewed in projection perpendicular to a face.Nunes Instruments , is in the field of Instrumentation Sales Service & Repairs with 40 years of experience. We provide service & repairs to your old high precision instruments and equipment. We provide cost effective service & Repair to any brand, any make instruments with service warranty. W hy not try once?
Instruments of Any Type, Any Make, Analog/Digital, Any Condition Indian or Imported
- Laboratory Instrument, Test Equipment,
- Scientific, Measuring, Precision Instrument,
* Analytical, Bio Medical, Survey, Electrical,
* Electronic Instruments , Weather, Metrology.

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Nunes Instruments

Gopalapuram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
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Product Specification

ApplicationLaboratory
BrandV-Tech
I Deal InNew Only
TypeDigital
Country of OriginMade in India
Minimum Order Quantity 1 Piece

Product Description

Introduction

Regular arrangement of atoms in molecules and extended solids is very common. In crystalline solids the atoms are arranged in repeating three-dimensional arrays or lattices. Information regarding atomic bond distances and angles is fundamental to understanding the chemical and physical properties of materials. Since atomic dimensions are of the order of angstroms (10 m), unraveling the relative atomic positions of a solid requires a physical technique that operates on a similar spatial scale, Diffraction experiments involving X-ray, electron and neutron sources have therefore played a very crucial role in unraveling these structures. The significance of these experiments in science and engineering courses has been recognized. However, the cost of the equipment and the hazards associated with these experiments have made them very difficult to be

integrated and included in a teaching laboratory setting. The present set-up overcomes these limitations. An increase in scale by thousands from short wavelengths of X-rays to the long wavelengths of visible light, and by hundreds of thousands from an array of atoms in a crystal or an extended solid to an array of dots, allows us to replicate the basic features of a structural determination experiment in a teaching laboratory.

In place of Bragg diffraction whose results are to be simulated, we use Fraunhofer diffraction. Visible laser light passes through an array of scattering centers (dots) on a 35 mm slide. The diffraction pattern is viewed at

what is effectively infinite distance (a meter or so). This arrangement is capable of illustrating many of the essential features of the standard X-ray experiment. Mathematically, the equations for Fraunhofer and Bragg diffraction have a similar functional dependence on the interatomic distance, wavelength and the scattering angle. The symmetry of the diffraction pattern is same as the symmetry of the lattice causing the diffraction.

The central piece of the set-up is a slide (transparency) with eight (A-H) different arrangements of scattering

centers (dots) on different portions of the slide (Figure 3). The examples presented here serve to illustrate how the spacings, symmetries, spot intensities and systematic absences in a diffraction pattern are related to the lattice from which it is derived. Although these are two-dimensional lattices, they mimic what would be observed for diffraction from particular three-dimensional structures that are viewed in projection perpendicular to a face.

Nunes Instruments , is  in the field of Instrumentation Sales Service & Repairs with 40 years of experience.  We provide service & repairs to your old high precision instruments and equipment.  We provide cost effective service & Repair to any brand, any make instruments  with service warranty. W hy not try once?

Instruments of Any Type, Any Make, Analog/Digital, Any Condition  Indian or  Imported

 

  • Laboratory Instrument, Test Equipment,
  • Scientific, Measuring, Precision Instrument,
  • Analytical, Bio Medical, Survey, Electrical,
  • Electronic Instruments ,Weather, Metrology.


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About the Company

Year of Establishment1975
Legal Status of FirmIndividual - Proprietor
Nature of BusinessManufacturer
Number of Employees26 To 50 People
Annual TurnoverRs. 2 - 5 Crore
IndiaMART Member SinceSept 2006
GST33AAIPN8819N1Z3
Import Export Code (IEC)32100*****
Exports to Philippines | Bangladesh | Sri Lanka | Kenya | Egypt
We, "Nunes Instruments", established in the year 1975, have extensive industry experience of 38 years, we are able to flourish widely in the industry. We are one of the leading Exporter, Importer, Distributor and Service Provider of Agricultural Instrument and Electrical Measuring Instrument. These are products are highly appreciated in the market for their efficiency, robustness, accurate results and durability. Moreover, these are widely catered to various industries for material testing and quality control tests. We are engaged in providing Instruments Repairing Services, Rental Services, Buy Back Exchange Offers & Calibration Services.
Our professionals have several years of experience and are thoroughly trained in all aspects of Instruments repair and service work of Measuring Instruments, Laboratory Instruments, Control Instruments and Test Equipment. We sell and supply all kind of spare parts for Laboratory Instruments and Equipments. We are interested in associating with reputed manufacturers and distributors to work as their authorized dealers and authorized service centers. Our Estimated clients are Southern Railway, Salem Steel Plant, Steel Authority of India Limited, Roots Industries Limited (Coimbatore), The Sree Meenakshi Mills Limited and many others.

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X-Ray Diffraction Simulations, For Laboratory
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Seller Contact Details

Sebastian Nunes

Gopalapuram, Gopalapuram Coimbatore - 641018, Tamil Nadu, India

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