Kencraft India Private Limited

660nm & 950nm Transmitter

Two Nos. of Photo Detector

On - board Sine & Square wave generator

On - board FM Modulation & Demodulation

On - board PWM Modulation & Demodulation

On - board PPM Modulation & Demodulation

On - board 4th Order Low Pass Filter

On - board Fault Switch

Fiber Optic Analog & Digital Link

Intensity mod. using Analog & Digital Input Signal

Propagation Loss, Bending Loss in Optical Fiber

Measurement of Numerical Aperture

Characteristics of F - O Converter using OPM

Measurement of Power & Propagation Loss using OPM

E - O Converter using Power Meter

Setting up of Fiber Voice Link using Intensity Mode

Study of FM, PWM & PWM modulation & demodulation

Study of PC to PC Communication using FO Digital Link

660nm & 850 / 950nm Transmitter

Two nos. of Photo Detector

On - board Sine & Square wave generator

On - board Manchester Coding / Decoding

On - board Noise Generator & PRBS Generator

On - board Bit Error Rate Measurement

On - board PC to PC Communication

On - board 4th Order Low Pass Filter

On - board Fault Switch

660nm & 950nm Transmitter

Two Nos. of Photo Detector

On - board Sine & Square wave generator

On - board FM Modulation & Demodulation

On - board PWM Modulation & Demodulation

On - board PPM Modulation & Demodulation

On - board 4th Order Low Pass Filter

On - board Fault Switch

Fiber Optic Analog & Digital Link

Intensity mod. using Analog & Digital Input Signal

Propagation Loss, Bending Loss in Optical Fiber

Measurement of Numerical Aperture

Characteristics of F - O Converter using OPM

Measurement of Power & Propagation Loss using OPM

E - O Converter using Power Meter

Setting up of Fiber Voice Link using Intensity Mode

Study of FM, PWM & PWM modulation & demodulation

Study of PC to PC Communication using FO Digital Link

Carrier Frequency Generation

DSBAM Generation & Demodulation Circuit

Generation of Frequency Division Multiplexer signal

Generation of Frequency Division Demultiplexer signal

On - board Sinewave generator

4 Analog Input Channels for Mux / Demux

Clock regeneration at receiver using PLL

Study Time Division Multiplexing & De multiplexing :

• Using Pulse Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation with channel identification information

• Using PLL method

660nm Laser Diode Transmitter

Photo Detector

On - board Sine wave & Square wave generator

On - board Power Meter

On - board 4th Order LPF

On - board PC to PC Communication

In - Built Power Supply

Characterization of a Laser Diode

Study of ACC & APC Mode of Operation

Design & Evaluation of an LD Analog Intensity Modulation (IM) system

Design & Evaluation of an LD Digital Transmission System

Transmission of Laser through an Optical Fiber

FO Numerical Aperture Measurement

Setting up Fiber Optic Digital Link

Forming PC to PC Communication Link using Optical & RS-232 Interface

On - board 1MHz (0°), 1MHz (180°), 2MHz (0°) Carrier Generator

On - board Clock and Coding data

Data formats : NRZ-L, NRZ-M, NRZ-S, Biphase (Manchester), Biphase-M, Biphase-S, URZ, AMI

Study of ASK, PSK, FSK Modulator

On - board Unipolar to Bipolar & Bipolar to Unipolar conversion

Study of Data Coding & Decoding Techniques for Non-return to Zero

Study of Data Coding & Decoding Techniques for Phase Encoded Format

Study of Data Coding & Decoding Techniques for Return to Zero Format & Multilevel binary format

Data formats : NRZ-L, NRZ-M, NRZ-S, Biphase (Manchester), Biphase-M, Biphase-S, URZ, AMI

Receiver Clock generated by PLL

Study of ASK, PSK, FSK Demodulator

Study of different Data formats to NRZ-L Format

Digital Modulation & Demodulation techniques using Natural & Flat-top sampling

On - board 250Hz, 500Hz, 1KHz, 2KHz Sinewave generator

Sampling Clock of 4, 8,16, 32 KHz

On - board 4th order Butteworth LPF

Study of Pulse Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation

Study of Pulse Width Modulation & Demodulation

Study of Pulse Position Modulation & Demodulation

On - board 250Hz, 500Hz,1KHz, 2KHz Sinewave generator

Sampling rate of 8KHz, 16KHz, 32KHz, 64KHz

On - board Compander & Expander

On - board Gain integration setting

On - board 4th order Butter-worth LPF

Study of Delta Modulation & Delta Demodulation

Study of Slope Overload & Increased Integration Gain in Delta Modulation

Study of Adaptive Delta modulation and CVSD

On - board synchronized Sinewave generator

Sampling frequency 2,4,8,16,32 KHz

Sampling Duty cycle of 0 - 90 % in steps

On - board separate Sample and Sample & Hold circuit

On - board 2nd & 4th Order Butterworth Filters

Aliasing & effect on Reconstructed Signal

Effect on Amplitude of Reconstructed Signal

Switch Faults

Internal 500Hz & 1KHz Sinewave generator

Variable Amplitude DC Level

2 Nos. of Analog Input Channels

Error Check code option (None, Even, Odd, Hamming) None, Even, Odd, Hamming Parity selections

Pseudo random sync. code generation

2 modes of operation Fast (240 KHz / Channel approx) & Slow (1Hz / Channel approx)

Two Channel TDM PCM Receiver

On - board 4th order Butteworth LPF

On - board PLL Technique for regeneration

Error Check code (None, Even, Odd, Hamming)

None, Even, Odd, Hamming Parity selections

Pseudo random sync code generation

Converts audio input signal from Mic / Tape to AF electrical signals

Converts AF electrical signals to audible output

Voice Communication using dynamic Mic & Speaker

Variable gain audio amplifier & LPF

Dibit Pair, Differential Encoding type data format for decoding

Receiver Clock generated by PLL method

Switch faults

Observation of constellation diagram

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation & Demodulation technique

Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation & Demodulation technique

On - board DPCM modulation using sampler, quantizer & linear predictor

On - board Buffer is provided using LF353

On - board DPCM demodulation using linear predictor, Integrator & Low pass Filter

Study DPCM modulation & Demodulation

Study ADPCM modulation & Demodulation

Study Quantization Error

Effect of Switch faults