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Gynecology
Menopause Treatment Service
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This time of change is called perimenopause. It can begin several years before your last menstrual period. Perimenopause lasts for 1 year after your last period. After a full year without a period, you can say you have been "through menopause." Postmenopause follows menopause and lasts the rest of your life.
The average age of a woman having her last period, menopause, is 51. But, some women have their last period in their forties, and some have it later in their fifties. Smoking can lead to early menopause. So can some types of operations like a surgery to remove your uterus (called a hysterectomy) will make your periods stop, and that's menopause. But you might not have menopause symptoms like hot flashes right then because if your ovaries are untouched, they still make hormones. In time, when your ovaries start to make less estrogen, menopause symptoms could start. But, sometimes both ovaries are removed (called an oophorectomy), usually along with your uterus. That's menopause too. In this case, menopause symptoms can start right away, no matter what age you are, because your body has lost its main supply of estrogen.
What Are the Signs of Menopause?
Women may have different signs or symptoms at menopause. That's because estrogen is used by many parts of your body. So, as you have less estrogen, you could have various symptoms. Here are the most common changes you might notice at midlife. Some may be part of aging rather than menopause..
Changing estrogen levels can cause your genital area to get drier and thinner. This could make sexual uncomfortable. Or, you could have more vaginal or urinary infections. Some women find it hard to hold their urine long enough to get to the bathroom. Sometimes urine leaks during exercise, sneezing, coughing, laughing, or running.
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Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
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Under normal circumstances one of the ovaries releases an egg during the menstrual cycle, this process is called ovulation. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is often triggered when women do not ovulate.
This causes abnormal changes in hormone levels and in some cases it can lead to unexpected bleeding.
Symptoms
Symptoms of dysfunctional uterine bleeding may include:
Young women within a few years of their first period are often not treated unless symptoms are very severe, such as heavy blood loss causing anemia.
In other women, the goal of treatment is to control the menstrual cycle. Treatment may include:
Women with severe symptoms that do not get better with other treatments may consider the following procedures if they no longer want to have children:
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Uro Gynecology Consultants
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Urogynecology is dedicated to the treatment of women with pelvic floor disorders such as urinary or fecal incontinence and prolapse (bulging or falling) of the , bladder and/or the uterus.
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence (leakage of urine) is a very common condition affecting at least 10-20% of women under age 65 and up to 56% of women over the age of 65. While incontinence also affects men, it occurs much more commonly in women.
Prolapse
Prolapse simply means displacement from the normal position. When this word is used to describe the female organs, it usually means bulging, sagging or falling. It can occur quickly, but usually happens over the course of many years.
Prolapse and incontinence
Prolapse and incontinence frequently occur together. Both conditions are believed to result from damage to the pelvic floor after delivering a baby. Other possible factors in the development of prolapse and incontinence are very heavy lifting on a daily basis, chronic coughing, severe constipation and obesity.
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR PROLAPSE
This exercise strengthens the support of the pelvic organs, and are most commonly used to treat stress urinary incontinence. PME techniques are also useful in prolapse prevention. Once the symptoms of prolapse are severe, however, these exercises are of little benefit.
It is a device worn in the like a diaphragm. Pessaries are used to support the , bladder, rectum and uterus as necessary. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes, so a doctor or nurse must fit them.
There are a number of surgical procedures to correct prolapse like Total Hysterectomy, Uterosacral ligament suspension etc.. the choice of operation depends on several factors. For more information on this contact your gynecologist
PME techniques are an effective treatment option for stress incontinence. Most women require guidance from a medical professional to learn how to contract the pelvic floor muscles correctly. For specific instructions on how to do these exercises contact your doctor.
This treatment for urge incontinence involves teaching a patient to urinate according to a timetable rather than an urge to do so. Gradually, the scheduled time between trips to the bathroom is increased as the patient's bladder control improves. For specific instructions contact your doctor.
This is a list of dietary irritants to the bladder. Avoiding the items on this list can greatly improve such bladder symptoms as frequency and urgency. To know more on the exact diet details contact your doctor.
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Laparoscopy
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The advantages of laparoscopic surgery –
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of a woman's pelvic organs. The pelvic organs include the uterus (womb), fallopian tubes, ovaries and cervix.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) means the infection or inflammation of upper genital tract i.e. the ovary, the fallopian tubes and the uterus. It is generally seen in young sexually active females.
What causes pelvic inflammatory disease?
A woman can get PID when bacteria moves up through her vagina and infects her pelvic organs. Many different types of bacteria can cause PID. But, most of the time PID are caused by bacteria that cause 2 common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) — gonorrhea and chlamydia. It can take from a few days to a few months for an infection to travel up from the vagina to the pelvic organs.
You can get pelvic inflammatory disease without having an STI. Normal bacteria found in the vagina and on the cervix can sometimes cause pelvic inflammatory disease.
What are the signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease?
Many women don't know they have PID because they don't have any symptoms. For women who have them, symptoms can range from mild to severe. The most common symptom of PID is pain in your lower abdomen (stomach area). Other symptoms include:
Themore times you have pelvic inflammatory disease, the more likely it is that you won't be able to get pregnant. When you have pelvic inflammatory disease, bacteria infect the tubes or cause inflammation of the tubes. This turns normal tissue into scar tissue. Scar tissue can block your tubes and make it harder to get pregnant. Even having just a little scar tissue can keep you from getting pregnant without infertility treatment.
How is pelvic inflammatory disease treated?
PID can be cured with antibiotics. Most of the time, at least two antibiotics are used that work against a wide range of bacteria. Your doctor will work with you to find the best treatment for you. You must take all your medicine, even if your symptoms go away. This helps to make sure your infection is fully cured. You should see your doctor again 2 to 3 days after starting treatment to make sure the antibiotics are working.
Without treatment, PID can lead to severe problems like infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
Any damage done to your pelvic organs before you start treatment likely cannot be undone. Still, don't put off getting treatment. If you do, you may not be able to have children. If you think you may have PID, see a doctor right away.
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Hysteroscopy
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Hysteroscopy is done using a hysteroscope, a thin, lighted tube that is inserted into the to examine the cervix and inside of the uterus.
Hysteroscopy can be either diagnostic or operative.
It is performed during the following uterine conditions:
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
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PCOS is one of the leading causes of infertility in women. Approximately five to ten percent of women of childbearing age have PCOS. Most women with PCOS don’t even know that they have it. Most women do not get a diagnosis until they begin trying to get pregnant. Some of the symptoms of PCOS may be overlooked until a woman starts trying to conceive a baby.
What are the symptoms?
The most common symptoms are:
What happens during PCOS?
In PCOS the hormones get out of balance. Normally the ovaries make a tiny amount of male hormones called androgens. In PCOS, they start making slightly more androgens. This may cause you to stop ovulating, get acne, and grow extra facial and body hair.
Insulin Resistance is another root cause of PCOS, which prevents the efficient conversion of food into energy because the membranes of your cells have become de-sensitized to insulin. This causes glucose and insulin levels in your bloodstream to become unbalanced, leading to an increase in free-floating glucose, which is sent to your liver and converted to excess body fat. As a result, you may suffer from weight gain and obesity which in turn can lead not only to PCOS but also to other serious health conditions like Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes.
What causes PCOS?
The symptoms of PCOS are caused by changes in hormone levels. There may be one or more causes for the hormone level changes.
PCOS seems to run in families, so your chance of having it is higher if other women in your family have PCOS, irregular periods, or diabetes. PCOS can be passed down from either your mother's or father's side.
Treatment for PCOS –
PCOS can be treated depending on the patient’s condition
Because there is no cure for PCOS, it needs to be managed to prevent problems. Treatment goals are based on your symptoms, whether or not you want to become pregnant and lowering your chances of getting heart disease and diabetes. Many women will need a combination of treatments to meet these goals.
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