This document gives guidelines for organizations on determining the environmental costs and benefits associated with their environmental aspects. It addresses the dependencies of an organization on the environment, for example, natural resources, and the context in which the organization operates or is located. Environmental costs and benefits can be expressed quantitatively, in both non-monetary and monetary terms, or qualitatively.

This document also provides guidance for organizations when disclosing related information.

This document takes an anthropocentric perspective, i.e. looking at changes that affect human wellbeing (utility) including their concern for, and dependence on, nature and ecosystem services. This includes use and non-use values as reflected in the concept of total economic value when environmental costs and benefits are determined in monetary terms.

The ways in which the environmental costs and benefits are used after they have been determined are outside the scope of this document.

This document is applicable to any organization regardless of size, type and nature.

ISO 14045:2012 describes the principles, requirements and guidelines for eco-efficiency assessment for product systems including:

1. the goal and scope definition of the eco-efficiency assessment;
2. the environmental assessment;
3. the product-system-value assessment;
4. the quantification of eco-efficiency;
5. interpretation (including quality assurance);
6. reporting;
7. critical review of the eco-efficiency assessment.

Requirements, recommendations and guidelines for specific choices of categories of environmental impact and values are not included. The intended application of the eco-efficiency assessment is considered during the goal and scope definition phase, but the actual use of the results is outside the scope of ISO 14045:2012.

This document specifies principles and requirements at the organization level for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals. It includes requirements for the design, development, management, reporting and verification of an organization's GHG inventory.

The ISO 14064 series is GHG programme neutral. If a GHG programme is applicable, requirements of that GHG programme are additional to the requirements of the ISO 14064 series.

ISO 14021:2016 specifies requirements for self-declared environmental claims, including statements, symbols and graphics, regarding products. It further describes selected terms commonly used in environmental claims and gives qualifications for their use. This International Standard also describes a general evaluation and verification methodology for self-declared environmental claims and specific evaluation and verification methods for the selected claims in this International Standard.

ISO 14021:2016 does not preclude, override, or in any way change, legally required environmental information, claims or labelling, or any other applicable legal requirements.

ISO 14051:2011 provides a general framework for material flow cost accounting (MFCA). Under MFCA, the flows and stocks of materials within an organization are traced and quantified in physical units (e.g. mass, volume) and the costs associated with those material flows are also evaluated. The resulting information can act as a motivator for organizations and managers to seek opportunities to simultaneously generate financial benefits and reduce adverse environmental impacts. MFCA is applicable to any organization that uses materials and energy, regardless of their products, services, size, structure, location, and existing management and accounting systems.

MFCA can be extended to other organizations in the supply chain, both upstream and downstream, thus helping to develop an integrated approach to improving material and energy efficiency in the supply chain. This extension can be beneficial because waste generation in an organization is often driven by the nature or quality of materials provided by a supplier, or the specification of the product requested by a customer.

By definition, management accounting and environmental management accounting (EMA) focus on providing organizations with information for internal decision-making. MFCA, one of the major tools of EMA, also focuses on information for internal decision-making, and is intended to complement existing environmental management and management accounting practices. Although an organization can choose to include external costs in an MFCA analysis, external costs are outside the scope of ISO 14051:2011.

The MFCA framework presented in ISO 14051:2011 includes common terminologies, objective and principles, fundamental elements, and implementation steps. However, detailed calculation procedures or information on techniques for improving material or energy efficiency are outside the scope of ISO 14051:2011.

ISO 14051:2011 is not intended for the purpose of third party certification.

This document gives guidelines for assisting organizations in establishing, documenting, implementing, maintaining and continually improving material circulation in their design and development in a systematic manner, using an environmental management system (EMS) framework.

These guidelines are intended to be used by those organizations that implement an EMS in accordance with ISO 14001. The guidelines can also help in integrating material circulation strategies in design and development when using other management systems. The guidelines can be applied to any organization regardless of its size or activity.

This document provides guidelines for design strategies on material circulation to achieve the material efficiency objectives of an organization, by focusing on the following aspects:

— type and quantity of materials in products;

— product lifetime extension;

— recovery of products, parts and materials.

In design and development, many aspects are considered, such as safety, energy efficiency, performance and cost. Although important, they are not addressed in this document.

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ISO 14025:2006 establishes the principles and specifies the procedures for developing Type III environmental declaration programmes and Type III environmental declarations. It specifically establishes the use of the ISO 14040 series of standards in the development of Type III environmental declaration programmes and Type III environmental declarations.

ISO 14025:2006 establishes principles for the use of environmental information, in addition to those given in ISO 14020:2000

Type III environmental declarations as described in ISO 14025:2006 are primarily intended for use in business-to-business communication, but their use in business-to-consumer communication under certain conditions is not precluded.

ISO 14052:2017 provides guidance for the practical implementation of material flow cost accounting (MFCA) in a supply chain. MFCA fundamentally traces the flows and stocks of materials within an organization, quantifies these material flows in physical units (e.g. mass, volume) and evaluates the costs associated with material flows and energy uses. MFCA is applicable to any organization that uses materials and energy, regardless of its products, services, size, structure, location, and existing management and accounting systems. In principle, MFCA can be applied as an environmental management accounting tool in the supply chain, both upstream and downstream, and can help to develop an integrated approach for improving material and energy efficiency in the supply chain.

ISO 14052:2017 is based on the principles and general framework for MFCA described in ISO 14051.

The MFCA framework presented in this document includes scenarios for improving material and energy efficiency in a supply chain, principles for successful application of MFCA in a supply chain, information sharing, and practical steps for the implementation of MFCA in a supply chain.

This document specifies requirements for mutual recognition arrangements (MRAs) and gives guidance on how to initiate developments on MRAs between environmental product declaration (EPD) and footprint communication programme operators. It addresses administrative and operational duties, through evaluation of such programmes, and how to externally communicate the results of the cooperation as well as plans for future related activities.

This document is primarily applicable to MRAs but can also be a basis for bilateral agreements.

This document gives guidelines for assisting organizations in establishing, documenting, implementing, maintaining and continually improving their management of ecodesign as part of an environmental management system (EMS).

This document is intended to be used by organizations that have implemented an EMS in accordance with ISO 14001, but it can also help in integrating ecodesign using other management systems. The guidelines are applicable to any organization regardless of its type, size or product(s) provided.

This document is applicable to product-related environmental aspects and activities that an organization can control and those it can influence.

This document does not establish specific environmental performance criteria.

This document specifies principles, requirements and guidelines for the verification and validation of water statements.

It is applicable to organizational, product and project water statement verification and validation, and can also be used to provide confidence in reported water information on a local, regional or national level.

This document is programme neutral. If a programme is applicable, requirements of that programme are additional to the requirements of this document.

NOTE       Legislation can differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. It is the user’s responsibility to determine how applicable legal requirements relate to this document.

This document specifies a system for waste reduction and treatment on fishing vessels. It includes principles, management plans, methods and requirements.

This document is applicable to both marine and inland fisheries.

ISO 14001:2015 specifies the requirements for an environmental management system that an organization can use to enhance its environmental performance. ISO 14001:2015 is intended for use by an organization seeking to manage its environmental responsibilities in a systematic manner that contributes to the environmental pillar of sustainability.

ISO 14001:2015 helps an organization achieve the intended outcomes of its environmental management system, which provide value for the environment, the organization itself and interested parties. Consistent with the organization's environmental policy, the intended outcomes of an environmental management system include:

· enhancement of environmental performance;

· fulfilment of compliance obligations;

· achievement of environmental objectives.

ISO 14001:2015 is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type and nature, and applies to the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that the organization determines it can either control or influence considering a life cycle perspective. ISO 14001:2015 does not state specific environmental performance criteria.

ISO 14001:2015 can be used in whole or in part to systematically improve environmental management. Claims of conformity to ISO 14001:2015, however, are not acceptable unless all its requirements are incorporated into an organization's environmental management system and fulfilled without exclusion.

This Technical Specification provides the requirements and a structure for a data documentation format, to be used for transparent and unambiguous documentation and exchange of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data, thus permitting consistent documentation of data, reporting of data collection, data calculation and data quality, by specifying and structuring relevant information.

The data documentation format specifies requirements on division of data documentation into data fields, each with an explanatory description. The description of each data field is further specified by the structure of the data documentation format.

This Technical Specification is applicable to the specification and structuring of questionnaire forms and information systems. However, it can also be applied to other aspects of the management of environmental data.

This Technical Specification does not include requirements on completeness of data documentation. The data documentation format is independent of any software or database platform for implementation.

This Technical Specification does not require any specific sequential, graphic or procedural solutions for the presentation or treatment of data, nor does it describe specific modelling methodologies for LCI and LCA data.

This document gives guidelines to organizations for general principles, policy, strategy and activities relating to both internal and external environmental communication. It uses proven and well-established approaches for communication, adapted to the specific conditions that exist in environmental communication.

It is applicable to all organizations regardless of their size, type, location, structure, activities, products and services, and whether or not they have an environmental management system in place.

It can be used in combination with any of the ISO 14000 family of standards, or on its own.

NOTE 1 A reference table to the ISO 14000 family is provided in Annex A.

NOTE 2 ISO 14020, ISO 14021, ISO 14024, ISO 14025 and ISO 14026 provide specific environmental communication tools and guidance relating to product labels and declarations.

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This document gives guidelines for the design and use of environmental performance evaluation (EPE) within an organization. It is applicable to all organizations, regardless of type, size, location and complexity.

This document does not establish environmental performance levels. It is not intended for use for the establishment of any other environmental management system (EMS) conformity requirements.

The guidance in this document can be used to support an organization's own approach to EPE including its commitments to compliance with legal and other requirements, the prevention of pollution and continual improvement, among others.

NOTE This document is a generic standard and does not include guidance on specific methods for valuing or weighting different kinds of impacts in different kinds of sectors, disciplines, etc. Depending on the nature of the organization's activities, there is often a need to also go to other sources for additional information and guidance on sector-specific topics, different subject matters or different scientific disciplines.

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ISO 23045:2008 gives guidelines related to energy efficiency in buildings as introduced in ISO 16813.

The objectives of ISO 23045:2008 are to assist designers and practitioners when collecting and providing the useful data that are required at different stages of the design process and to fulfil the definitions of the building as prepared by building designers.

This International Standard applies to new buildings and is applicable to space air-conditioning equipment and the heating plant in new buildings.

This part of ISO 11855 specifies procedures and conditions to enable the heat flow in water based and electrical surface heating and cooling systems to be determined relative to the medium differential temperature for systems. The determination of thermal performance of water based surface heating and cooling systems and their conformity to this part of ISO 11855 is carried out by calculation in accordance with design documents and a model. This should enable a uniform assessment and calculation of water based surface heating and cooling systems.

The surface temperature and the temperature uniformity of the heated/cooled surface, nominal heat flow density between water or electrical heated layer and space, the associated nominal medium differential temperature, and the field of characteristic curves for the relationship between heat flow density and the determining variables are given as the result.

The ISO 11855 series is applicable to water based embedded surface heating and cooling systems in residential, commercial and industrial buildings. The methods apply to systems integrated into the wall, floor or ceiling construction without any open air gaps. It does not apply to ceiling mounted panel systems with open air gaps which are not integrated into the building structure.

The ISO 11855 series also applies, as appropriate, to the use of fluids other than water as a heating or cooling medium. The ISO 11855 series is not applicable for testing of systems. The methods do not apply to heated or chilled ceiling panels or beams.

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This document defines key terminology, establishes circular economy principles, and provides guidance for its implementation by using a framework and areas of action.

It is intended to be used by organizations seeking to understand and commit to a circular economy while contributing to sustainable development. These organizations can be either private or public, acting individually or collectively, regardless of type or size, and located in any jurisdiction, or position within a specific value chain or value network.

This part of ISO 13315 provides a framework and basic rules on environmental management related to

concrete and concrete structures. This includes the assessment of the environmental impacts and methods of

implementing environmental improvement based on the assessment.

This part of ISO 13315 is used when assessing the environmental impacts and implementing the environmental

management of concrete and concrete structures for the environmental consideration in activities related to

the production of concrete constituents, the production, recycling and disposal of concrete, and the design,

execution, use and demolition of concrete structures. It is applied for their entire lifecycles, respective stages of

the lifecycles, or certain ranges of the lifecycles. This part of ISO 13315 is relevant to newly produced concrete

and newly constructed concrete structures, and also existing concrete and concrete structures.

This part of ISO 13315 applies not only to single concretes but also to concrete families and not only to single

concrete structures but also to concrete structure complexes. For materials other than concrete, the related

ISO standards are applied where available. In the case where no ISO standard is available, such materials are

appropriately dealt with referring to this part of ISO 13315 and the normative references.

The environments covered by this part of ISO 13315 include global, regional and local environments. The

indoor pollution of buildings and the environments for workers in concrete producing plants and on concrete

structure construction sites are not specifically covered by this part of ISO 13315. This part of ISO 13315 does

not directly deal with the environmental impacts resulting from the operation of equipment installed in concrete

structures. However, the special properties of concrete and concrete structures affecting the operational

efficiency of such equipment are considered in this part of ISO 13315.

This part of ISO 13315 covers secondary effects of the production of concrete and execution of concrete structures.

This part of ISO 13315 may also cover the economic and social effects of environmental consideration in the

production of concrete and execution of concrete structures.

NOTE 1 ISO 16814 is available for reference as a standard for the indoor pollution of buildings.

NOTE 2 The working environments of plants and construction sites are generally prescribed by industrial safety

and health laws.

NOTE 3 In buildings, global warming substances are mainly emitted from energy consumption due to the operation of

heating, ventilating and air-conditioning equipment.

NOTE 4 The beneficial effects such as thermal mass and other functions of concrete and concrete structures may be

taken into account.

NOTE 5 The secondary effects of the production of concrete include the future possibility of leaching of heavy metals from

concrete or the absorption of heavy metals from the environment, the effect of waste treatments on the environment, etc.