Unicon Instruments

AIM

To find out dryness fraction of steam by combined separating and throttling calorimeter.

PRODUCT DETAILS

The steam passing out from separating calorimeter may still contain some water vapour , in it . in other words it may not be absolutely dry . again , in a throttling calorimeter steam after passing through the throttle valve must be superheated or at least dry saturated . this limits the extent of dryness fraction that can be reliably measured , depend up on the pressure of steam in the main steam pipe . if a sample of steam, which may be still wet after passing through the throttle valve i.e it will not be superheated . thus under this condition the throttling calorimeter fails to enable us in determining the value of dryness fraction of steam . to overcome this difficulties we make use of separating and throttling calorimeter . first the steam is passed through separating calorimeter where itlosses most of it’s moisture and becomes comparatively drier, it is than passed through the throttling calorimeter where super heating takes place with out changr of total heat . the temperature and pressure of steam after throttling are measured by using a thermometer and manometer respectively.

DESCRIPTION :-

The set up consist of a separating and throttling calorimeter . a steam generator is provided at the base of the apparatus . a thermostat knob is provided at the front of apparatus to control the temperature inside the steam generator . steam from steam generator is passed from separating calorimeter where most of the water partical get separated from steam and then passed to throttling calorimeter where steam get superheated . after that superheated steam passed through heat exchanger to condense the steam.

SAPARATING CALORIMETER

It consist of two concentric chamber , the inner chamber ,and the outer chamber . which communicates with each other through an opening at the top. As the steam discharge through the metal baskets ,which has a large number of holes , the water partical due to there heavier momentum get separated from the steam and collected in the chamber. The comparatively dry steam in the inner chamber moves up and than down aging through the annular space between the two chambers and enters the throttling calorimeter .

It consist a narrow throat . pressure and temperature are measured by manometer and thermometer . the steam after throttling process passed through the heat exchanger and condensate is collected .

UTILITIES REQURIED

• WATER SUPPLY 3 lit/min (approx)
• Drain
• Electric supply : 1phase , 220 V A.C , 2Amp.
• Steam table for calculation
• Space required : 1.0 m X 1.0 m

The unit consists of a base upon which the bearing holders and driving motor are bearing can be fitted in a holders to end conditions for test shafts, viz. Both end fixed and one end free, one end fixed. A Variac provided control of driving motor. The unit demonstrates the phenomenon of whirling of shafts with single rotor. As the test is destructive, after the test cannot be used, hence the unit only demonstrates the principle.

However, results obtained are closer to theory, as compared to those with bare shafts. Also, It can be demonstrated that, after passing whirling speed, shaft again starts running true. 

Specifications:

1. Test shaft - 4.75 mm, 6.35 mm and 7.9 mm - 2 each.
2. Bearing to provided end conditions, (a) Both ends fixed, (b) One end fixed and one end free.
3. Drive motor 1/8 HP, 1500 rpm with control arrangement.
4. The whole unit is mounted on a sturdy base.
5. Rotor for each shaft of suitable size.
6. A technical manual accompanies the unit. 

Services required:

1. Floor space area of 2m. X 1m. at working height.

The apparatus consists of a spiral casing, which houses an impeller.
Impeller is driven by a variable speed D.C. motor. Three, interchangeable
impellers, viz. Radial forward and Backward curved vanes are provided with
the unit. Digital indicators are provided for speed of impeller. A venture
provided measures the discharge. Thus students can evaluate the
performance of different impellers at various speeds.

SPECIFICATIONS:

1. Blower - Spiral casing with three interchangeable impellers viz. forward, backward and radial vanes.
2. Drive Motor-1 HP DC motor, 3000 RPM with Dimmer control to vary the speed from 300 to 3000 RPM.
3. Digital Speed indicator for speed measurement.
4. Ventura with water manometer to measure air flow.
5. Water manometer to measure discharge pressure.
6. Discharge pipe with flow control valve.        

SERVICES REQUIRED:

1. Floor space of about 2m X 1.5m X 1.5m height.
2. 230 V. 5A., 50 Hz, AC Supply.

Open Wind Tunnel Apparatus

Technical Description

A wind tunnel is the classic experiment system for aerodynamic flow experiments. The model being studied remains at rest while the flow medium is set in motion, and thus the desired flow around the model is generated.

Open wind tunnel used to demonstrate and measure the aerodynamic properties of various models. For this purpose, air is drawn in from the environment and accelerated. The air flows around a model, such as an aerofoil, in a measuring section. The air is then decelerated in a diffuser and pumped back into the open by a fan.

The carefully designed nozzle contour and a flow straightener ensure a uniform velocity distribution with little turbulence in the closed measuring section. The flow cross section of the measuring section is square. The built-in axial fan with guide vane and a variable-speed drive is characterised by an energy-efficient operation at high efficiency. Air velocities of up to 28m/s can be reached in this open wind tunnel. The trainer is equipped with an electronic two-component force sensor. Lift and drag are detected and displayed digitally. The air velocity in the measuring section is displayed on the inclined tube manometer. The tube manometers is recommended for measuring the pressure curves in drag bodies.

Extensive accessories allow a variety of experiments, for example lift measurements, pressure distributions, boundary layer analysis or visualisation of streamlines. The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.

Learning Objectives & Experiments

- Determine drag and lift coefficients for different models

- Pressure distribution when flowing around drag bodies

- Boundary layer analysis

- Investigation of flutter

- Wake measurement

Features

* Open wind tunnel for a variety of aerodynamic experiments

* Homogeneous flow through the flow straightener and special nozzle contour

* Transparent measuring section

The unit consists of a main spindle driven by a variable speed motor. Three
different governor assemblies can be mounted over the spindle. A with pointer measures the lift of the governor. Students can calculate characteristics of governor at and compare their performance viz. Sensitiveness, stability, governor effort etc.

Specifications:

1. Governor assemblies - Hartnell, porter & propel governor assembly one each with rotating weights.
2. Variable speed FHP D.C. motor to drive the main spindle,
3. Sliding weights for porter & proell governor.
4. Scale & a pointer to measure governor lift.
5. Spring & Spring compression adjustment arrangement.

A technical manual accompanies the unit.

Services required:

1. 230V, 5A, AC supply connection.
2. Bench area of 0. 75 x 1m. at working height.

Static & Dynamic Balancing Apparatus

This equipment is designed for carrying out the experiment for balancing a rotation mass system. The apparatus consists of a stainless steel shaft fixed in a rectangular frame. A set of four blocks with a clamping arrangement is provided. For static balancing, each block is individually clamped on shaft and its relative weight is found out using cord and container system in terms of number of steel balls. For dynamic balancing, a moment polygon is drawn using relative weights and angular and axial position of blocks is determined. The block are clamped on shaft is rotated by a motor to check dynamic balance of the system. The system is provided with angular and longitudinal scales and is suspended with chains for dynamic balancing.

EXPERIMENTS:-

1. To balance the masses statically and dynamically of a single rotating mass system.

2. To observation of effect of unbalance in a rotating mass system.

UTILITIES: - Electricity 0.5 kW, 220 V, Single Phase

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION: -

Ø Drive Motor -- FHP Motor, variable speed, with speed controller

Ø Balancing Weight -- 4 Nos. of Stainless Steel with different sized eccentric Mass for varying unbalance

Ø Rotating Shaft -- Material Stainless Steel

Ø The whole Set-up is well designed and arranged in a good quality painted Structure

Range - 0.5 To 25 kg/cm2

For calibration of Pressure Gauges and other sensing, transmitting and recording pressure instruments. Relationship between pressure acting on the known area of a vertically free floating piston producing a force balanced by known dead weight is made use of in the Dead Weight Pressure Gauge Tester.

The main components of a Dead Weight Pressure Gauge Tester are:

1. Screw Pump to generate pressure in the circuit. Of adequate capacity and operated by turning the spoked handle. Permits easy and accurate setting of pressure.

2. Free Piston Assembly of special steel, hardened, tempered, ground and lapped to accurate size and very fine surface finish to provide true floating action.

Introduction ::

Steam Power Plant Working Unit – This Unit Helps The Students To Understand The Complete System Of A Thermal Power Plat.

1. Heat Energy Converts Water Into Steam
2. Steam Pressure When Moves A Engine Or Turbine Produces Mechanical Energy
3. Finally Mechanical Energy Is Converted Into Electricity Through Alternator 

Parts Details Of Boiler ::

(A) Boiler -- For The Generation Of Steam We Have Provided Electrically Heated Boiler.

Diameter Of Boiler – 400 mm

Length Of Boiler – 600 mm

Heater 2 Pcs. – 3 KW (Each)

This is a strain gauge type two component lathe tool dynamometer designed to measure vertical and horizontal forces on the while orthogonal cutting process. The unit is in two parts one is mechanical sensing unit or tool holder, which can mounted on the top of the Ross slide after removing swivel base and compound slide of a lathe and digital force indicator. With this Dynamometer student can study the change in these forces by varying Speed, Cut and Feed.

FEATURES: 

1. Rigid in construction
2. Sensitive  transuding and amplifying system for accuracy in force measurement. 
3. Compact Digital force indicator.
4. Use of cutting fluid during operation is possible.

SCOPE OF SUPPLY:

1. Mechanical sensing unit or Tool Holder with string gauges. With H.S.S. tool of ½ “ size.
2. Control panel housing digital force indicator to measure two forces simuletensiously, balancing potentiometers, connoting cable.
3. Necessary switches, fuses and polycarbonate front plate. Range o to 500 Kg.

Centre Height, P.C.D.of clamping bolt size, clamping Bolt size. Three component lathe tool dynometer is also available.

This is a armed wheel type strain gauge drill tool dynamometer designed to measure thrust and torque during drilling operation. This Dynamometer is suitable for drilling a hole up to 25mm size in mild steel. With this Dynamometer students can study the change in these force by varying speed, cut and feed

FEATURES: 

1. Rigid in construction & Sensitive transuding and amplifying system for accuracy in force measurement.
2. Compact two channel digital force indicator.
3. Use of cutting fluid during operation is possible

SCOPE OF  SUPPLY:

1. Mechanical sensing unit and work piece holder with strain gauges. 
2. Control panel housing digital force indicator to measure both forces simultaneously, balancing potentiometer, connoting cables.
3. Necessary switches, fuses and screen printed front plate.
4. The dynamometer is calibrated at factory with help of proving ring and readings are directly in the from of kg. 

Grinder Tool
This a simple set up to study the various forces resolved during grinding operation, designed by sharp techno system for demonstration purpose for the students undergoing tool desing study. This unit works on octagonal ring method using strain gauge as a sensor. A two channel digital force indicator facilitates to measure both forces simulteniously

FEATURES:

1.    Rigid in construction & compact unit.

2.    Assessment of cutting forces by giving due consideration to various parameters like depth of cut, material, speed and feed .

3.    Eassy in handling & Digital force indicators to measure two forces simultaneously.

SPECIFICATIONS:

1.    Mechanical sencing unit with two octagonal rings and strain gauges.

2.    Two channel digital force indicator with balancing potentiometers and polycarbonate front plate.

3.    Range of force measurement in coordinate direction – 0 to 200 kg.

4.    Over all size of mechanical unit – 300 x 300 mm.

SERVICE REQUIRED:

1.    Necessary surface grinding machine

2.    230 volts, single phase, 50 Hz stabilized power supply.

Milling Tool

This is a simple and essay to understand set up introduce by sharp techno systems to study the behavior of cutting forces during milling operation in three directions. With this unit students can evaluate cutting depth, speed and feed. The unit works on standard method of octagonal ring with strain gauges. It is in to part one mechanical rings sandwiched between two M.S. plate with strain gauges fixed on it. This set of octagonal rings transmits the relevant data to the force indicator during milling operation.

FEATURES

1.        Rigid construction & Compact Unit.

2.        Assessment of cutting forces by giving due consideration to various parameters like depth of cut, material, cut, material, speed and feed.

3.        Eassy in handling & Digital force indicators to measure three forces simuleniously. 

SPECIFICATIONS-

1.        Mechanical sencing unit with set of octagonal rings and strain gauges.

2.        Three channel digital force indicator with balancing potentiometers and polycarbonate front plate.

3.        Range of force measurement in coordinate direction – 0 to 500 kg.

4.        Over all size of mechanical unit- 300 x 300 mm. 

SERVICE REQUIRED

1.        Necessary Milling Machine with automatic feed arrangement and tooling

2.        230 volts, single phase, 50 Hz stabilized power supply.

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ck'>Over all size of mechanical unit – 300 x 300 mm.

SERVICE REQUIRED:

1.    Necessary surface grinding machine

2.    230 volts, single phase, 50 Hz stabilized power supply.

Slip & Creep Measurement Apparatus

The apparatus consists of a variable speed D.C. Motor, Driving pulley and Driven pulley of equal diameter. The pulleys are mounted on input shaft (Motor shaft) and output shaft. The driven pulley can slide on the base with bearing block to change initial tension in belt. Brake drum is mounted on output shaft helps to measure power output. The motor speed is varied by dimmerstat. A two channel RPM Indicator is provided to measure speeds of driven and driving pullies respectively.

Specifications:

1. D.C. Motor - 1 HP, 1500 RPM, variable speed.

2. Driving & Driven puilies of equal diameters.

3. Brake drum along with spring balance.

4. Fiat Belt of fixed length of following materials -

v Fabric Belt

v Canvas Belt.

v Rubber Belt.

5. Belt tightening arrangement.

6. Speed Controller unit.

7. Two Channel digital RPM Indicator.

8. Stroboscope.

Experimentation –

1. To measure co-efficient of friction between pulley material and different belt materials.

2. To measure power transmitted with varied belt tensions and plotting graph of (T1 - T2). Tension Characteristics.

3. To measure percentage slip at fixed belt tension by varying load on brake drum and plot graph of (T1-T2) Vs.-percentage slip i.e. Slip Characteristics. Finding a creep zone from graph.

4. To measure belt slip speed and observe the limiting value float at constant speed when the slip just starts.

Service Required:

1. 230 V.A.C. stabilized power supply

2. Space -. 1.5m x 1.5 m.

Vibration Lab. ( Complete 11 Experiment)

The VIBLAB is designed to help in conducting various experiments to illustrate and verify the principles and relations involved in the study of vibrations.

This apparatus enables a comprehensive range of Vibration Experiments to be conducted on single basic framework. The frame is robustly constructed from channel section. The experiments are specially designed for quick and easy assembly on to the framework using a minimum amount of common engineering tools. To reduce changeover time on tube more advanced free and forced vibration experiments, large knurled knobs are used to clamp components on the frame and many components are common to several experiments.

All of the referenced groups of experiments are available separately making it possible to procure them individually & if required to build up a complete set over a period of time.

Specifications:

Wide range of experiments.

Forced and Free Vibrations.

Damped and undamped vibrations.

Arrangements for variation of damping.

Sturdy storage cabinet.

Experiments easily assembled.

Covers experiments for undergraduate studies.

Scope for student projects.

Features:

[I] Pendulum Experiments:

Simple Pendulum.

Compound Pendulum.

Bi-filler Suspension.

[II] Longitudinal Vibration Expiariment.

Spring Mass System.

Eciuivalent Spring Mass study of undarrped

System free vibration

[III] Torsional Vibration Experiment.

Single Rotor Systern.

Two Rotor System.

Single Rotor with viscous darnping.

[IV] Damped Vibration Experiment.

Verification of Dukerleys Rule.

Forced rotor with viscous damping along with frictional HP Motor Strip chart recorder & control unit.

A technical manual accompanies the equipment.

Services required:

230 V, A.C. stabilized supply along with earthing connection.

Bench area 0.5m x 0.5m x 0.5m height.

Tachometer to measure the jumping speed, (can be supplied extra)